Mobility 45&46 Flashcards
Swollen reddened synovial tissue within a joint
Synovitis
Grating sound as joint or bone moves
Crepitation
When serum calcium increases serum phosphorous
Decreases
Serum calcium normal values
9-11
Serum phosphorous normal values
2.6-4.5
What enzyme increases during bone or liver damage
ALP
Pre CT
Radiographic slices of bone or soft tissue
NPO
Check for allergies
Air or contrast medium is injected into synovial joint which is then x rayed
Invasive arthrography
Nursing management during invasive arthrography post op
Joint swelling common
Apply Ice elevate limb
No activity 24 hrs
Visualizes the spine an spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium
Myelogram
Post op myelogram
Assess for nausea
HOB 45 degrees
Nuclear medicine scan test can take up to
90 minutes
Post op artherocentesis : removal of synovial fluid
Assess for infection inflammation or hemarthrosis
A decrease in bone density leads to
Osteoporosis
Diagnostic to detect osteoporosis
DEXA
Blood in joint cavity
Hemarthrosis
Rice for sprains and strains
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevate
Normal sed rate ESR
15-30
sed rate is elevated during
Fracture
Bone splintered or shattered into numerous fragments often occurs in crushing injuries
Comminuted
Bone is force ably pushed together resulting in bone being pushed into bone
Impacted
Caused when bone is weakened by pressure from tumor outside or within bone
Pathological
Neoplastic
Fracture curves around the shaft of bone usually common in abuse
Spiral
First thing to do when fractured limb
Immobilize
Long bone fractures can be splinted with
Other long bones along side
Open fractures
What’s the first thing you do
Apply sterile dressing
A wet plaster is handled with palms only to avoid indentations that can become
Pressure points
If cast is bleeding or has an odor?
A window opening is created to treat underlying problem
Assess 6 ps in patients with cast every
1-2 hrs
care of cast
- Pt repositioned q2h to prevent flattening
- Cast gives off heat when drying/normal
- No blow dryers
- only synthetic casts can be exposed to H2O
- outline area of blood on cast with a pen to observe increase in size
- never put anything inside cast
Signs of infection
Odor
Heat
Redness
Pain
Asses CWCM with casts
Color
Warmth
Circulation
Movement
Type of traction used to relieve painful muscle spasms in the knee
Russell’s traction
Type of traction mainly for hip fractures for pts needing relief of muscle spasms
Bucks traction
Balanced suspension aka
Skeletal traction
All knots ropes weights and pulleys in traction should be assessed every
8-12hrs
Risks when using external fixation
Osteomyelitis infection
I’m severe acute compartment syndrome pt has the 6p’s
Pain Paresthesia:tingling or burning Paralysis Pallor: reddened Pulse none Poikilothermia : warmth
Relief of pressure of a tight cast
Bivalving
Relief of pressure from compartment syndrome : procedure?
Fasciotomy
S/S of fat emboli
Altered mental status due to low O2 Tacychardia Tachypnea Fever High BP SOB severe
What actions should be taken if pt has fat emboli
O2 2 L/min via nasal cannula Raise HOB high fowlers Bed rest Minimize movements ABGs and chest x ray IV fluids Corticosteroids
