Surgery - Breast disease

Question 1

Which ribs do the breasts overlay?

Answer 1

2nd to 6th rib

Question 2

How many glandular lobules does the breast have?

Answer 2

15-20

Question 3

What glands lubricate the areolar?

Answer 3

Areolar glands of Montgomery

Question 4

What is the blood supply to the breast?

Answer 4

The axillary artery via the lateral thoracic and acromiothoracic braches

Question 5

What are the symptoms of gynecomastia?

Answer 5

Breast tenderness and swelling of the gland

Question 6

Causes of gynecomastia?

Answer 6

Androgen deficiency
Medication
Endocrine effects
Estrogen excess
Hepatic diseases
Testosterone inhibitors 
Estrogen enhancers

Question 7

Diagnosis of gynecomastia

Answer 7

Medical history
Family history 
Assessment of breast 
Blood tests
Thyroid function tests

Question 8

Treatment of gynaecomastia

Answer 8

Stop or substitute medication 
Danazol for the reversal 
Surgery 
Mastectomy 
Liposuction 
Counselling

Question 9

What is the cause of infectious/inflammatory mammary diseases?

Answer 9

Staphylococcus and streptococcus organisms

Question 10

Treatment or management of infectious/inflammatory mammary disease

Answer 10

Local wound care, warm compress, intravenous antibiotics of penicillins and cephalosporins and drainage

Question 11

causes of mycotic infections

Answer 11

fungal infections caused by blastomycosis or sporotrichosis

Question 12

Treatment of mycotic infections

Answer 12

anti-fungal agents e.g. amphotericin B or topical cream of nystatin in candia albicans