Surgery

Question 1

The diagnosis of transesophageal hernia is confirmed by _____________________

Answer 1

barium swallow or upper endoscopy.

Question 2

Initial hematuria suggests _______, terminal hematuria indicates ___________ and total hematuria reflects ___________

Answer 2

Urethral damage

Bladder or prostatic damage

Damage anywhere in the urinary tract

Question 3

Fat embolism syndrome can occur following fracture of large, marrow-containing bones (eg, femur, pelvis). Patients classically have the triad of ______________, ____________, and ______________

Answer 3

triad of respiratory distress, neurologic dysfunction, and a petechial rash

Question 4

_______ is the primary treatment modality for papillary thyroid carcinoma

Answer 4

surgical resection

Question 5

How is pain managed in a patient with history of opioid substance abuse

Answer 5

Management options for acute pain (including opioids) will be similar for all patients regardless of substance use history, although those with a history of opioid addiction who are given opioid analgesics may need close follow-up care to avoid relapse.

Question 6

bright, red, firm, exophytic nodules in an HIV infected patient are most likely __________

Answer 6

bacillary angiomatosis

Question 7

Recurrent pneumonia in an elderly patient with dysphagia, regurgitated undigested food +/-palpable mass should raise concern for ____________

Answer 7

Zenker diverticulum

Question 8

What should be done to confirm the diagnosis of zenker diverticulum

Answer 8

Swallow study with contrast esophagography

Question 9

Triad of normal pressure hydrocephalus

Answer 9

Incontinence
Cognitive impairment
Gait abnormalities

Question 10

What is the optimal form of nutrition for patients with moderate or severe burn injuries

Answer 10

Enteral nutrition

Question 11

First line therapy of bile acid diarrhea

Answer 11

Bile acid binding resins (eg cholestyramine, colestipol)

Question 12

Tumors associated with VHL disease

Answer 12

Retinal and CNS hemangioblastoma
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Endolymphatic sac tumors of the middle ear
Pheochromocytomas

Question 13

When is bariatric surgery indicated

Answer 13

BMI >/= 40 kg/m2
BMI >/= 35 kg/m2 with serious comorbidity (eg, T2DM, hypertension, OSA)
BMI >/= 30 kg/m2 with resistant T2DM or metabolic syndrome

Question 14

What are the most common hip fractures in older adults

Answer 14

Femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures

Question 15

Examination findings seen in femoral neck fractures

Answer 15

Shortening and external rotation of the leg

Question 16

_________ is a late complication of transmural MI seen after months with ECG demonstrating persistent ST elevation with deep Q wave.

Answer 16

ventricular aneurysm

Question 17

CXR findings of acute cardiac tamponade

Answer 17

normal cardiac silhouette