Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Uworld > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

_______________ presents with upper respiratory symptoms (eg, rhinorrhea, congestion, cough) and facial pain/pressure, with or without fever.

A

Acute rhinosinusitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

__________ is a congenital obstruction of the posterior nasopharynx

A

choanal atresia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

CHARGE syndrome

A 
Coloboma
Heart defects
Atresia choanae
Growth retardation
Genital abnormalities
Ear abnormalities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

___________is the most common gastroenteritis in the United States and is often implicated in outbreaks on cruise ships and in schools.

A

Norovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

_________ is the most common cause of death from child abuse

A

Abusive head trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Repetitive acceleration-deceleration forces cause shearing of the subdural bridging veins and vitreoretinal traction resulting in ______ and ______ hemorrhages

A

Subdural and retinal hemorrhages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

__________ causes an absent uterus, cervix and upper third of the vagina (ie blind vaginal pouch)

A

Mullerian agenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pt( 46XX) have primary amenorrhea with associated female external genitalia and secondary sexual characteristics. Diagnosis?

A

Mullerian agenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

unilateral cryptorchidism can be monitored until age ______ after which spontaneous descent is unlikely

A

6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

WAGR syndrome/11p deletion syndrome is characterized by a predisposition to ________, ________, _______ and __________

A

Wilms tumor
Presence of aniridia
Genitourinary abnormalities eg, cryptorchidism, hypospadias
Intellectual disability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Non tender, non fluctuant scalp swelling of a newborn that does not cross suture lines

Management ?

A

Reassurance and observation

Cephalohematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Low-grade fever, maculopapular rash with cephalocaudal spreads and posterior auricular and suboccipital lymphadenopathy +/- arthralgias and/or arthritis

A

Rubella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Recurrent episodes of edema (eg, face, limbs, genitalia, bowel, larynx) without associated pruritus or urticaria

Diagnosis? Deficiency?

A

Hereditary angioedema

C1 inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Benign intraventricular mass that causes increased production of CSF, leading to ventriculomegaly and hydrocephalus

Diagnosis?

A

Choroid plexus papilloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Abnormal social development and extreme behavioral rigidity with onset in early development

Diagnosis?

A

Autism spectrum disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Constipation is a common problem in toddlers due to transition to solid food and cow’s milk, toilet training and school entry. Management?

A

Dietary modification (increase dietary fiber and water intake)

Laxative therapy

+/- suppositories, edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Most common heart defect in Down syndrome?

A

Complete atrioventricular septal defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bone pain and pancytopenia in a child are concerning for ________

A

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hyperthermia (=40C [104F]) associated with weakness, dizziness, profuse sweating, headache, and/or nausea.

Diagnosis?

A

Heat exhaustion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

4 years with anemia, thrombocytopenia, and a normal or elevated white blood cell count in the presence of blasts on peripheral smear and bone marrow biopsy

Diagnosis?

A

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Myelomeningocele is often associated with __ and ____

A

Obstructive hydrocephalus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A limp that is worse in the morning in a toddler girl (age<5) is a typical presentation of _______

A

Oligoarticular JIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

____ should be suspected in children with acute onset fever, joint pain and swelling

A

Septic arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Bilious emesis and abdominal distension in a preterm neonate are highly suggestive of _______________

A

Necrotizing enterocolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

2-8 weeks infants presents with hepatomegaly, jaundice, acholic stool, dark urine

Cause?

A

Biliary atresia (fibrosis of extrahepatic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

2-8 weeks infants presents with hepatomegaly, jaundice, acholic stool, dark urine

Diagnostic test?

A

Cholangiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

2-8 weeks infants presents with hepatomegaly, jaundice, acholic stool, dark urine

Treatment?

A

Hepatoportoenterostomy with or without liver transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What hormone causes the potentially fatal complication in nutritional rehabilitation in a patient with anorexia nervosa?

A

Insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What electrolytes are often affected in refeeding Syndrome?

A

Potassium, phosphorus, magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Mammillary glands enlargement, leukorrhea, mild uterine bleeding in a newborn

Cause?

A

Physiological response to transplacental maternal estrogen exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Isolated hyperpigmented patch with an increased density of hair follicle

Most likely diagnosis?

A

Congenital melanocytic nevus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

First line treatment of acute otitis media with perforation of tympani membrane

A

Amoxicillin

33
Q

Management of a patient who has received amoxicillin therapy within 30 days and has acute otitis media with perforation of tympanic membrane

A

amoxicillin-clavulanate

34
Q

Suspect ________________ in a 2 or 3-year-old child with impaired adaptation to darkness, photophobia, dry scaly skin, xerosis conjunctiva, xerosis cornea, keratomalacia, Bitot spots and follicular hyperkeratosis of the shoulders, buttocks, and extensor surfaces.

A

Vitamin A deficiency

35
Q

Most common Renal malignancy in children that presents as asymptomatic unilateral abdominal mass

A

Wilms tumor

36
Q

3 most common Cardiovascular abnormalities seen in patients with Turner syndrome

A

Bicuspid aortic valve
Coarction of the aorta
Aortic root dilation

37
Q

3-4 months old; Doll-like face, thin extremities, short stature, and a protuberant abdomen with hypoglycemia, Latin acidosis, hyperuricemia and hyperlipidemia

A

Glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency

38
Q

Pathognomonic facial features of fetal alcohol syndrome

A

Small palpebral fissures
Smooth philtrum
Thin vermillion border

39
Q

Glaucoma in infants typically presents with

A

Tearing, photophobia, blepharospam and an enlarged cornea and globe

40
Q

Children with chronic cough and Chest X-ray findings of hilar lymphadenopathy, consolidation, pleural effusion

Suspect?

A

Primary pulmonary tuberculosis

41
Q

Celiac disease results in small intestinal malabsorption and can present with _________ and _______

A

weight loss and iron deficiency anemia.

42
Q

What are the two most common causes of osteomyelitis in children with sickle cell disease

A

Salmonella and staphylococcus aureus

43
Q

What is the treatment of choice for minimal change disease in children

A

Steroids

44
Q

Most common cause of sepsis in patients with sickle cell disease?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

45
Q

What prophylaxis should a patient with sickle cell disease be on till 5years

A

Penicillin prophylaxis

46
Q

pruritic, scaly, erythematous plaques with a raised border and central clearing.

A

Tinea corporis

47
Q

1st line Management of tinea corporis

A

Topical antibiotics - clotrimazole and terbinafine

48
Q

fever, otalgia, and mastoid process inflammation with displacement of the auricle in a child < /=2 years suspect?

A

Acute mastoiditis

49
Q

_____________ is a common cause of heel pain in children who play running or jumping sports. Tenderness at the base of the heel and with calcaneal compression are diagnostic findings.

A

Calcaneal apophysitis

50
Q

Wide anterior fontanelle, cleft lip and palate, and distal phalanges hypoplasia after in utero exposure to antiepileptic

A

Fetal hydantoin syndrome

51
Q

Cardiac sequelae of Kawasaki disease includes ____ and ______

A

Coronary artery aneurysm and ventricular dysfunction

52
Q

The most common cause of heavy regular menstrual bleeding is

A

Von willebrand disease

53
Q

Important risk factors for respiratory distress syndrome

A

Prematurity and maternal diabetes mellitus

54
Q

Treatment of bullous impetigo is

A

Oral antibiotics

55
Q

Small, pruritic and erythematous papules often seen arranged in a linear pattern on exposed areas with each having a central hemorrhagic punctum

A

Bedbug bites

56
Q

Infants presents with fever, pain with hip movement and leukocytosis likely has __________

A

Septic arthritis

57
Q

How does the infant position the hip in septic arthritis

A

Hip is flexed, abducted and externally rotated.

58
Q

When should children transition from rear-facing car seat to forward facing car seat

A

When they surpass the maximum height or weight limit set by the manufacturers

59
Q

Treatment for minimal change disease

A

Highly responsive to corticosteroids

60
Q

Transient focal weakness or paralysis that occurs in the postictal phase after focal-onset (+/- secondary generalized ) seizure

A

Todd paralysis

61
Q

Todd paralysis usually resolves within _________

A

36 hours

62
Q

All preterm neonates born at < 32 weeks gestation should be screened by ___________ for ________

A

Cranial ultrasound

Intraventricular hemorrhage

63
Q

Target sign on abdominal ultrasound

A

Intussusception

64
Q

Treatment of intussusception

A

Air or water enema

65
Q

_______ should be suspected in a returning travelers presenting with bloody diarrhea especially if greater than two weeks

A

Entamoeba histolytica infection

66
Q

Marfanoid body habitus + intellectual disability, downward dislocation of lens, hypercoagulability

A

Homocystinuria

67
Q

an autosomal dominant condition caused by a mutation of a tumor suppressor gene, leads to various neoplasms, including CNS and retinal hemangioblastomas, pheochromocytomas, and renal cell carcinomas.

A

Von Hippel-Lindau disease

68
Q

How does HIV infection in infancy present

A

Failure to thrive,
chronic diarrhea
Lymphadenopathy
Opportunistic infections like pneumocystis pneumonia, severe thrush

69
Q

Bilateral lower extremities pains that occurs at night in children age 2-12 years

A

Growing pains

70
Q

Treatment of growing pains

A

Observation
Parental reassurance
Massage
Over the counter pain medication

71
Q

What should be suspected in an infant with infantile spasm and has leaf spots?

A

Tuberous sclerosis complex

72
Q

Tumors associated with tuberous sclerosis complex

A

Subependymal giant cell tumor
Cardiac rhabdomyomas
Renal angiomyolipomas
Retinal hermatomas

73
Q

Complications seen in small for gestational age infants

A

Hypocalcemia, polycythemia,hypoglycemia, hypoxia, hypothermia

74
Q

a capillary malformation (port-wine stain) along the trigeminal nerve distribution and leptomeningeal capillary-venous malformations affecting the brain and eye.

A

Sturge -Weber Syndrome

75
Q

Most common cancer in children and presents with signs of bone marrow failure

A

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

76
Q

Presence of >25% lymphoblast in the bone marrow is confirmatory for

A

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

77
Q

Complication of recurrent hemarthroses

A

Hemophilic arthropathy

Associated with hemosiderin deposition leading to synovitis and fibrosis within the joint.

78
Q

Effect of coarctation of aorta in a neonate especially after closure of ductus arteriosus

A

Increased left ventricular afterload leading to neonatal cardiogenic heart failure

Uworld (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions