Surgery Flashcards
Boarders of retropharyngeal space
Anterior: buccopharyngeal fascia and pharynx constrictor muscles
Posterior: alar fascia
Risk in retropharyngeal abscess
- Infection of mediastinum d/t inferior drainage
- Carotid sheath -> thrombosis IJV and CN IX-XII
- Alar fascia -> danger space -> posterior mediastinum
Extension of infection from paranasal sinuses can lead to what?
Subdural empyema
Sx: fever, HA, mass effect
Ludwig angina
Progressive b/l cellulitis of submandibular and sublingual spaces
D/t infected mandibular molar
Sx: fever, dysphagia, odonyphagia, drooling
Spread of infection from medial 3rd of face, sinuses, or teeth would cause?
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Sx: HA, fever, CN and proptosis
Causes of epidural abscess
Hematogenous dissemination, spread from vertebral osteomyelitis, direct inoculation
Radionuclide scan with thallium and dipyridamole is also called?
Stress test
Ropey, uneven, irregular etc in the scrotum
Varicocele
Does not transilluminate, increases in size with valsalva
Signs of cariogenic shock
Decreased cardiac index, increased capillary wedge pressure, hypotension, tachycardia
Leriche syndrome
B/l hip, thigh and buttock claudication
Decreased femoral pulses
Impotence
Cause by occlusion of aorta into iliac arteries
Signs of necrotizing wound and treatment
Pain/redness etc beyond the surgical site, systemic symptoms, paresthesia at the wound edge, dishwater drainage, crepitus
Abx and debridement
Next step in blunt trauma with normal mental status?
FAST
Hard signs of vascular trauma and next step
Pulsatile bleeding, bruit/thrill, expanding hematoma, distal ischemia
Surgical exploration
Torus paltinus
Benign bony growth on midline suture of hard palate
Congenital
Dumping syndrome
Abd pain, diarrhea, nausea, hypotension/tachy, palpitations, diaphoresis
15-30 mins after a meal
Common postgastrectomy
Dietary modification
Pathophysiology of dumping syndrome
Loss of pyloric sphincter -> rapid emptying of hypertonic contents into duodenum -> hypotension, stimulation of autonomics, release of vasoactive peptides
Anal fissures
Trauma, IBD, Cancer
Pain, BRBPR, posterior midline
Treat w/ high fiber, stool softeners, sitz, anesthetics and vasodilators (nifedipine or NTG)
Risk of injury in supracondylar fracture of the humerus
Brachial artery, median nerve, compartment syndrome/volkmann contracture
Next step in clavicle fracture
Angiogram (when bruit is heard)
