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VTNE Zuku Review > Surgery > Flashcards

Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

How long should skin-soap contact last during surgical hand scrubbing?

A

5 min OR 10-25 brush strokes on each skin surface

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2
Q

How does a sterilization strip in a surgical pack indicate whether the contents are sterilized and ready for use?

A

A sterilization strip changes color to indicate a pack is sterile

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3
Q

What is surgical wound dehiscence?

A

Layers of the incision (or wound) have separated

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4
Q

Which suture size is most appropriate to close a rumenotomy in an adult cow?

A

2

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5
Q

What is the range of suture sizes?

A

11-0 (finest) to 7 (heaviest)

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6
Q

Which foreceps are particularly good for vascular surgery?

A

Debakey vascular thumb foreceps. They have multiple delicate teeth and are good for vascular surgery.

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7
Q

What are Brown-Adson forceps used for?

A

Having intermeshing teeth, they are used for suturing and wound closure.

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8
Q

What are rate tooth forceps used for?

A

Also known as adson tissue forceps 1x2, they have interlocking teeth and are used for tough connective tissue and fascia

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9
Q

What are Russian thumb forceps used for?

A

Needle handling; hard on tissues

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10
Q

What are Allis tissue forceps used for?

A

Long handled instruments used to retract tissues

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11
Q

What does strike-through refer to in surgery?

A

When a gown or drape becomes completely soaked through with blood or saline

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12
Q

A client would like to schedule suture removal for her dog.

How long after the sutures were placed should it be scheduled?

A

10-14 days

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13
Q

What is a general purpose suction tip useful for multiple surgical situations?

A

The Yankauer suction tip.

Used commonly in thoracic and abdominal surgeries. Does not have a protective sleeve so it can clog during aspiration.

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14
Q

What should a surgeon do before starting a surgical scrub of hands and arms?

A

Before scrubbing, a surgeon puts on a cap, mask and foot covers

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15
Q

When does the maturation phase of wound healing occur?

A

The naturation (or remodeling) phase of wound healing starts approximately 3 weeks after the initial injury and may continue for many months

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16
Q

What type of head covering should a veterinary surgeon with a full beard use?

A

Men with full beards or extensive sideburns should wear a surgical hood to cover all facial hair during sterile procedures

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17
Q

What would be the most appropriate way to sterilize an endoscope?

A

Endoscopes should be sterilized using glutaraldehyde

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18
Q

What is the purpose of trephine?

A

A trephine is a hollow T-shaped metal surgical instrument with a sharpened end designed to remove a circular core of tissues (e.g., bone skin, cornea).

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19
Q

What is the purpose of Gigli wire?

A

Gigli wire is a flexible wire saw for bone

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20
Q

What is meant by the term “acute abdomen”?

A

A sudden onset of clinical signs attributed to the abdomen. May or may not be surgical.

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21
Q

What tool is this?

A

Senn manual hand retractor

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22
Q

During surgery, place which part of a sharp instrument into the surgeon’s palm?

A

Place the handle of a sharp instrument into the surgeon’s hand

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23
Q

When does the proliferative phase of wound healing occur after injury?

A

Proliferation is the second phase of wound healing and occurs 2-3 days after initial injury

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24
Q

What are the phases of wound healing?

A

Inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation

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25
Q

What is an ovariohysterectomy?

A

The removal of ovaries and uterus

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26
Q

What does the suffix “-ectomy” refer to?

A

The surgical removal of something

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27
Q

Which suture material is made of polypropylene?

A

Prolene

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28
Q

A surgical gown should always be folded so which part is at the top of the sterilization package?

A

Neck ties

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29
Q

What condition in horses is treated with Caslick’s operation (vulvoplasty)

A

Pneumovagina

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30
Q

What is pneumovagina?

A

Intermittent or continuous presence of air in the vagina

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31
Q

What is a surgeon doing when performing an anastomosis?

A

Suturing peices of the GI tract together

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32
Q

What best describes the process of repairing a dirty and traumatized wound by second intention?

A

Second intention healing is used for dirty, traumatized wounds, where the injury is cleaned and allowed to contract and epithelialized on its own until closed

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33
Q

What is the best description for surgical gut?

A

Absorbable nonsynthetic suture material

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34
Q

An inverting suture patterm is indicated to close what in a cat?

A

Stomach

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35
Q

The vet has asked you to prepare for a pyometra surgery on a seven-year-old intact female schnauzer.

What is to be removed from the dog?

A

Uterus

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36
Q

What is a pyometra?

A

A pus-filled uterus

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37
Q

What is removed during an orchidectomy?

A

Testicles

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38
Q

Where is the best place to start a surgical scrub?

A

At the site of the proposed incision, working outward only, in concentric circles

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39
Q

What is scrotal ablation?

A

Removal of the testicles and scrotum

40
Q

Which forceps are most appropriate to hold delicate tissues?

A

Babcock and Doyen tissue foreceps

41
Q

What is a rumenotomy?

A

An incision into the rumen of a cow, sheep, or goat

42
Q

When should sponges used during surgery be counted?

A

Before the incision is closed

43
Q

Which suction tip allows for finger control of suction and is especially useful in neurologic and orthopedic surgeries?

A

Frazier tip

The Frazier tip is most often used for neurologic and orthopedic surgeries, during which bleeding is not as severe as with abdominal surgeries

44
Q

What is a laparotomy?

A

An incision into the abdominal cavity

45
Q

What does surgical milk do?

A

Lubricates instruments and inhibits rust; used on surgical instruments with a working action

46
Q

What instrument is used to cut or bite away small pieces of bone?

A

A rongeur is used to break-up and remove bone

47
Q

What is the purpose of a curette?

A

A curette is a tiny, sharp ice-cream scooper, used to scrape hard tissues like bone or cartilage

48
Q

Which of the following suture sizes would be most appropriate to suture the cornea of a cat?

A. #4
B. 6-0
C. #7
D. 2-0
E. 0-0

A

B. 6-0

Suture sizes range from 10-0 (finest, 0.02 mm diameter) to #7 (heaviest, 0.9 mm diameter).

49
Q

Where is an umbilical hernia located?

A

Ventral midline of the abdomen

An umbilical hernia is when tissue protudes through a defect in the muscle wall at the location where the umbilicus entered the body prenatally along the ventral abdominal midline

50
Q

What is the purpose of a Jacobs chuck?

A

A Jacobs chuck is a handle with a drill bit head, used to grip and place intramedullary bone pins when fixing broken bones

51
Q

Which choice best describes the process of repairing a clean wound within a few hours of injury by first intention?

A. Suture within 6-8 hours
B. Allow wound to contract and epithelialize
C. Application of a tissue graft
D. Let wound granulate closed
E. Step-wise closure

A

A. Suture within 6-8 hours

First intention healing (also called appositional healing or primary wound closure) means you suture up a fresh, clean wound within 6-8 hours of injury

52
Q

Which of the following choices includes three examples of NON-absorbable sutures?

A. Maxon, Vetafil, Prolene
B. Silk, Prolene, Ethilon
C. Vetafil, gut, nylon
D. Dexon, Vicryl, PDS
E. Stainless steel, PDS, cotton

A

B. Silk, Prolene and Ethilon

53
Q

What is the most accurate difference between povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine antiseptic agents?

A

Povidone-iodine causes acute contact dermatitis in up to 50% of dogs and can also cause skin problems for vet staff

54
Q

What surgery is commonly performed on male cats with urolithiasis?

A

Perineal urethrostomy

A perineal urethrostomy is a surgery to make an opening in the urethra at the perineum of blocked male cats to allow them to urinate

55
Q

What size clipper blade is typically used for a surgical clip?

A

40

56
Q

What is the correct order for presurgical preparation of personnel?

A

Hair cap, facemask, handscrub, gown, gloves

57
Q

What is an advantage of using suture material swaged onto the needle?

A

Less traumatic to the tissues

58
Q

Where, anatomically, is the typical incision for an orchidectomy in a dog?

A

In a dog, a typical orchidectomy incision is cranial to the scrotum, in the prescrotal area

59
Q

The vet has asked you to prepare for a perineal urethrostomy surgery on a four-year-old male cat.

What kind of problem does the cat most likely have to necessitate this surgery?

A

Urolithiasis (bladder stones or crystals)

60
Q

How should an assistant open a surgical pack set on a surgical table or Mayo stand?

A

Each corner individually without reaching over the pack

61
Q

Which choice is a method of physical sterilization?

A. 5% bleach solution
B. Heat
C. Desiccation
D. Humidification
E. 4% chlorhexidine for 10 minutes

A

B. Heat

The 3 most common methods of physical sterilization are heat (most common), filtration, and radiation

62
Q

Which scissors are best to use for bandage removal?

A

Lister bandage scissors have

63
Q

Which of the following solutions is recommended for surgical scrub of a patient?

A. Hydrogen peroxide
B. Glutaraldehyde
C. Chlorhexidine
D. Peracetic acid
E. Sodium hypochlorite

A

C. Chlorhexidine

Use chlorhexidine or povidone-iodine solution for skin preparation of a surgical patient

64
Q

What is a common break in aseptic technique during small animal surgery?

A

Anesthetist reaching over the sterile feild

65
Q

What is a celiotomy?

A

An incision into the abdomen (also called a Laparotomy)

66
Q

Which choice is best for use as a lavage solution?

A. Isotonic, 0.5% glucose
B. 0.05% chlorhexidine in saline
C. Slightly acidic, hypotonic
D. Neutral, hypertonic, 0.1% tetracycline
E. Neutral, isotonic

A

D. Neutral, hypertonic, 0.1% tetracycline

67
Q

What best describes a Penrose drain?

A

Thin latex rubber, floppy tube used as a passive drain

68
Q

Cryptochidectomy is the removal of what?

A

The surgical removal of an undescended testicle

69
Q

Which solution is common in cold sterilization (I.e., instrument baths)?

A

Glutaraldehyde

Use glutaraldehyde as a disinfecting solution in cold sterilization baths for instruments and endoscopy equipment

70
Q

What is an orchidectomy?

A

Surgical removal of one or both of the tescticles

71
Q

Which type of retractor would be most helpful during an ovariohysterectomy in an obese patient, when visualization is difficult?

A

Balfour self-retaining retractor; use in the abdominal cavity to increase visualization

72
Q

What can you do to help visualize a left ovarian pedicle bleeder during an ovariohysterectomy?

A

Retract the descending colon to the RIGHT to visualize a left ovarian pedicle bleeder

73
Q

When wrapping a surgical pack or gown, how should the pack be placed on the wrap?

A

The pack is placed diagonally on the wrap to allow the corners to fold up over the pack like an envelope

74
Q

Sternal recumbency means:

A

Sternal recumbency means that the animal is lying belly down

75
Q

What should be done with an instrument that has become contaminated during a surgical procedure?

A

Remove it from the surgical table/field

76
Q

Which forceps secure drapes to the patient by penetrating the skin?

A

Backhaus

Backhaus (and Roeder forceps) are towel clamps used to secure drapes to the patient’s skin.

77
Q

Which choice is an appositional suture pattern?

A

Simple continuous

78
Q

What is the purpose of a periosteal elevator?

A

Lift and separate muscle from bone

79
Q

Which of the following can be an endogenous source of microbial wound contamination?

A. Surgical team
B. Road gravel
C. Surgical instruments
D. Bowel contents
E. Air

A

Bowel contents

Sources of endogenous microbial wound contamination come from within the body

80
Q

Where do sources of endogenous microbial wound contamination come from?

A

Inside of the body

81
Q

Which needle holder also cuts suture material?

A

Olsen-Hegar needle holders

82
Q

What is the purpose of a Bard-Parker handle?

A

A handle for disposable scalpel blades

83
Q

A surgical needle with a taper point is most useful for suturing which tissue?

A

Subcutaneous tissues, intestines and fascia

84
Q

Which tissue is best sutured with a surgical needle with a blunt point?

A

A blunt point needle is used on friable tissues such as the kidney and liver

85
Q

What kind of scissors are these?

A

Suture scissors

86
Q

What advantage do synthetic absorbable suture materials have over natural materials?

A

Predictable rate of breakdown. Not significantly affected by inflammation or wound infection.

87
Q

What is the most common treatment for a piglet, kitten, or puppy with a rectal prolapse?

A

Purse string suture

Typically treated by replacing the protruding tissue and then holding it inside with a purse string suture

88
Q

In which stage of wound healing are neutrophils found in the largest numbers in the affected tissues?

A

Neutrophils predominate in wounded tissues during the inflammatory stage

89
Q

In large animal surgery, which surgical blade fits on a #4 Bard-Parker handle?

A

20, #21, and #22 all fit on the Bard-Parker #4 handle

90
Q

What is an external fixation device used for fracture repair?

A

Kirschner pins

External fixation to stabilize fractures can be achieved using a combination of Kirschner pins and clamps. The pins penetrate through the skin into the bone

91
Q

Which surgical materials are best sterilized with radiation?

A

Gloves and suture materials

These are sterilized with radiation during the manufacturing process because heat can destroy them

92
Q

Which process is appropriate when opening an instrument sterilized in a plastic peel pouch?

A

Edges are pulled back, keeping package facing away from the body

93
Q

Which of these choices are manual surgical retractors?

A. Senn
B. Gelpi
C. Finochietto
D. Balfour
E. Weitlaner

A

A. Senn

94
Q

What is the LEAST desired method for preventing hypothermia in a surgical patient?

A

Do not use electric heating pads for recumbent patients because they concentrate heat and can cause thermal burns

95
Q
A

VTNE Zuku Review (4 decks)

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