Surgery Flashcards
Battle’s sign
Ecchymosis behind the ear
Fracture the base of the skull
Herniation syndrome
1- subfalcine herniation under the falx cerebri : compression the anterior cerebral artery
2- downward transtentorial : rupture of paramedian basilar artery ( duret hemorrhage
3- transtentorial uncal : the inner part of temporal lobe herniate through the gap
Ipsilateral mass lesions
- posterior cerebral artery
- ipsilateral CNIII : downward and out position and dilated pupil and ptosis
- ipsilateral hemiparesis
-brain stem hemorrhage (duret)
4 - cerebellar tonsillar into the foramen magnum: cardio respiration arrest
Lowering the cranial blood pressure
1- hyperventilation reduces co2 levels which produce vasoconstriction in the brain
2- reduces metabolic demand by sedation
3 - increasing venous flow ( elevation of the head )
4- therapeutic lumber puncture
Epileptic seizure and electrical burn
Massive uncoordinated muscle contraction
Posterior shoulder dislocation
Closed reduction
Outstretched arm and axillary fullness and flattened deltoid
Anterior shoulder dislocation
Examines the axillary nerve ( weakness of abduction)
Shoulder pain
1- rotator cuff impingement
2- rotator cuff tears
3- adhesive capsulitis
Tendinopathy
Repetitive activity above shoulder height
The space between humeral head and acromion is reduced
Neer test shoulder internally rotated and forearm pronated
Rotator cuff tears
Supra and infra spinatus
Weakness of abduction
Drop arm test
Unable to lower the arm
It will drop rapidly around mid adduction
Trt surgery
Adhesive capsulitis
Frozen shoulder syndrome
Inflammation, fibrosis,
Shoulder stiffness
Dx : > 50% reduction in both passive and active ROM
Colles fracture
An outstretched hand
Dinner fork deformity of the wrist
Compression of the median nerve
Montegia fracture
Diaphyseal fracture of the proximal ulna with anterior dislocation of the radial head
Monte giga fracture
Galeazei fracture
Monteggia ulnar fracture
Galeazei radial
Trt open reduction and internal fixation
Buckle (torus) fracture
Forearm
Stable and incomplete fracture
X ray cortical bulge
Trt pain control and splint placement
Greenstick fracture
Strong periosteum which limits the fracture line from extending through the width of the bone
Opposite side without a break in the cortex
Unstable fracture
Immobilisation casting
Bilirubin stone
Pigmented radiopaque
Chlolesterol stone radiolucent
Pigmented :
Black : calcium bilirubin
Brown: infectious diseases
Biliary sludge absence of cholecystokinin there is no contraction of gall bladder leads to biliary stasis
Prolonged fasting and rapid weight loss and prolonged use of total parental nutrition