Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medecine > Gynec > Flashcards

Gynec Flashcards

1
Q

Vaginal bleeding + pelvic pain + amenorrehea

A

Ectopic pregnancies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Painless vaginal bleeding before delivery + rupture of membrane + fetal bradycardia

A

Vasa previa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

One or more unexplained second trimester pregnancy loss

A

Cervical insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

46 XY + impaires testosterone to DHT which promotes development of male external genitalia
Increased testosterone

A

5-alpha reductase deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cessation of ovarian function + infertility + irregular menses + menopausal symptoms (elevated FSH + decreased Estrogen)

A

Primary ovarian insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

High grade on Pap test then negative on colposcopy what is next step

A

Endocervical curettage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pooling of clear nitrazine positive fluid on speculum

A

Asymptomatic bacteruria : PROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Early pregnancy bleeding

A
  • cytogenetic
  • Mendelian etiology
  • antiphospholipid syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Painful vaginal bleeding at third trimester and normal placenta implantation

A

Abruption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Painful vaginal bleeding and loss electronic fetal heartbeat and loss of station of fetal head

A

Uterine rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • > 20 week and < 37
  • uterine contraction at least 3 in 30 min
  • cervical changes: effacement and dilation > 2 cm
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Post Partum hemorrhage

A

1- Fundus mit palpable: uterine inversion beefy appearance
2- Fundus bogy and soft: uterine stony
3- placent incomplete: retained placenta
4- undiagnosed tears: lacerations
5- generalised oozing: DIC
6- diagnosis of exclusion: unexplained hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Post partum fever
> 38 in 2 occasions last > 6 hours excluding the first 24 hours

A

A- lung crackles: atelectasis (pp day 0)
B- flank pain dysuria : UTI 1-2 pp
C- tender uterus: endometritis 2-3pp
D - wound purulence : wound infection 4-5 pp
E- pelvic mass : pelvic abscess
F- dx of exclusion: septic pelvic thrombophlebitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Obstetric anesthesia

A

1- intra venous agents: neonatal depression ( nalaxon)
2- paracervical block : block frankenhauser ( transitory fetal Brady)
3- pudendal block : stage 2 of Labor
4- epidural block: stage 1 and 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Complication from epidural block

A

1- hypotension: aggressive intra venous fluid and left uterine displacement
2- post puncture headache: slight herniating of brain and brain stem like meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Obstetric complications during Labor

A

1- prolapsed umbilical cord :
A- occult ( wall and fetal head ) b- partial ( head and dilated cervical os )
C- complete ( protrude into the vagina ) knee chest position and CS
2- shoulder dystocia : mcroberts flattens the sacral promontory and supra pubic pressure
3 - obstetric lacerations : rectovaginal fistula within the 2 first weeks ( incontinece of flatus or fecal malodorous discharge

4- episiotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Abnormal Labor

A

1 - prolonged latent phase: dilation < 6
Duration > 20 primipara and > 14 in multi ( therapeutic rest)
2- prolonged or arrested active phase
Cervical dilation > 6
A- protraction: dilation slower than expected oxytocin
B - arrest: no cervical changes for > 4 with contraction or > 6 h with inadequate contraction
3- prolonged second stage
Insufficient fetal decent after pushing > 3 hours nulliparous or 2 h in multi add an hour for epidural analgesia
Management
engaged: oxytocin
If not : CS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Benign vulvar lesions

A

1- bartholin cyst : conservative unless pressure symptoms ( drainage and word catheter)
2- bartholin abscess: word catheter under Local anesthesia
ATB is not required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Premalignant vulvar dermatosia

A

1- squamous hyperplasia: firm and cartilaginous on palpation
2- lichen sclerosus : early hypo pigmented area on palpation parchment like and late stage thickness
Epithelial thinning
Clobetasol cream
3- squamous dysplasia partial thickness
4- CIS full thickness

20
Q

Malignant vulvar lesions

A

1- squamous: HPV most commonly stage 1
2- melanoma: any dark or black lesions should be biopsied
3- paget disease :
Dx punch biopsy
Radical vulvectomy
Modified radical for unilateral lesion
Lymphadenoctomy

21
Q

Lichen planus

A

Desquamation and erosion
- brightly erythematous with border serpentine appearing
Punch biopsy to rule out cancer
Coticosteroide

22
Q

Disorder of the cervix

A

1- cervical polyps: finger like growth smooth
Vaginal bleeding after intercoourse
Trt: Twisting or surgical string
2- nabothian cyst : mucous filled cyst on the surface
Small smooth rounded lump
No trt
3- cervical neoplasm

23
Q

Cervical neoplasm
Asymptomatic
From premalginat to kc (8-10)
Most lesions will spontaneously regress

A

Most common etiology HPV
Subtype (6,11)
Early age intercourse
Pap test
Most common site the transformation zone ( T-zone)

24
Q

Invasive cervical cancer penetrate through the basement membrane

A
  • postcoital vaginal bleeding and irregular vaginal bleeding
25
Q

Disorders or the uterus

A

A - failure to form :
1- hypo or agenesis: primary amenorrhea in fully developed second sexual characteristics
2- unicornuate : one of the mullerian ducts failure to form single horn banana shape

26
Q

Failure to fuse

A

1- didelphys : complete failure oh the 2 mullerian duckt to fuse together ( separate uterus) preterm delivery is common
2- bicornuate : failure of fusion between the the ducts at the top ( incomplete fusion)
Single uterus’s and single cervix but it branches into two horns at the top

27
Q

Failure to dissolve the septum

A

Failure of degeneration of the median septum

28
Q

Enlarged uterus

A

1- pregnancy
2- leiomyoma
3- adenomyosis
4- leiomyosarcoma

29
Q

Leiomyoma
Smooth muscle growth
Most common benign tumour

A

A- intra mural : within the wall cannot be felt in the examination unless it they are large
B- submucosal : inter menustral bleeding most common symptom can result in anemia
Most do not affect pregnancy unless large
C- subserosal : firm nontender and asymmetric
Pressure on the bladder recrum or uterus
Bulk related symptoms ( pelvic pressure, pain …

30
Q

Natural history fibroids

A

1- slow growth most asymptomatic only if massive
2- rapid growth estrogen receptors enlarging during pregnancy
3- degeneration outgrow their blood supply, resulting in ischemic degeneration of a fibroid
4- shrinking: when estrogen falls , will decrease in size
After menopause

31
Q

Adenomyosis :
Ectopic gland within the myometrium

A

Enlarged symmetric tender in absence of pregnancy causing dysmenorrhea
Trt : levonorgestrel and IUS if not surgery

32
Q

Endometrial neoplasia
Post menopausal bleeding
Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynaecological malignancy

A

Differential : kc or vaginal or endometrial atrophy and post menopausal therapy
Most common cause of post menopausal bleeding is vaginal or endometrial atrophy

33
Q

Disorder of the ovaries

A

1- functional cysts
2- luteoma of pregnancy
3- theca lutein cysts : stimulation by fsh and b HCG ( twins and molar pregnancy
4- premenopausal pelvic mass
5-painful adexnal mass
6- prepubertal pelvic mass
7-post menopausal pelvic mass
8-

34
Q

Functional cysts
Most common cause of simple cystic mass in the reproductive age

A

Laparoscopy if cyst >7cm
Should not form if under contraception
Luteoma of pregnancy :
Non neoplasm Tumor during pregnancy, produce androgen
Regression spontaneous

35
Q

Premenopausal pelvic mass
Most common complex adexnal mass in young women ( dermoid or teratoma)

A

From all 3 germ cells most commonly ectodermal skin appendages
Dx: b hcg - and complex mass on ultrasound ( calcification and hyperechoic nodules
Cyctectomy if not oophorectomy

36
Q

Painful adexnal mass
Most common dermoid cyst

A

Sudden onset pelvic pain with a known ovarian mass
Dx : ultrasound absent blood flow

37
Q

Ruptured ovarian cyst
Reproductive age after strenuous activity or sexual intercourse

A

Sudden onset of unilateral lower abdominal pain

38
Q

Prepubertal pelvic mass
Ovarian enlargement is suspicious for neoplasm
Germ cells Tumor
- LDH
- b-HCG
- alpha fetoprotein

A
  • simple mass laparoscopy
    Complex laparotomy
    Then :
  • benign: cystectomy
  • germ cells tumour: unilateral salpingo oophorectomy and staging
39
Q

Post menopausal mass
Ovarian carcinoma second most common gynaecological cancer
BRCA1 positive

A

Malignant features ( thick septation, solid components, ascitis)
A- epithelial most commonly serous
B- germ cells : dysgerminoma
C- stromal Tumors includes :
1- granulosa theca secretes estrogen
Rule out the endometrial cancer
In children: precocious puberty
2- sertoli lydig testosterone: virilization and sign of estrogen deficiency

40
Q

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia abnormal proliferation of placenta tissue

A

A- complete mole most commonly GTN
Empty egg with single sperm
Grape like vesicles ( a vascular villi)
B- incomplete mole
Normal egg with two sperms
Fetus and umbilical cord is seen but ultimately fetal demise

41
Q

Secondary dysmenorrhea
Presence of pelvic pathology

A

1- endometriosis: most ectopic glands in ovaries ( chocolate cysts) second site cul de sac ( uterosacral ligament nodularity and tenderness which leads to fibrosis and adhesive ( dyspareunia ) and dyschezia

42
Q

Menstrual abnormalities

A

1- premenarchal vaginal bleeding
Most commonly foreign body then sarcoma botryoides

43
Q

Abnormal vaginal bleeding

A

1- pregnancy
2- anatomical changes: if pregnancy test - ( unpredictable bleeding without cramping
3- inherited coagulopathy : von willbrand disease most commonly
4- dysfunctional uterine bleeding: unpredictable in amount and duration ( an ovulation and cervical mucus clear thin and watery
Basal body temperature chart will not show mid cycle ( absence of the thermogenic effect of progesterone

44
Q

Abnormal vaginal bleeding

A

1- pregnancy
2- anatomical changes: if pregnancy test - ( unpredictable bleeding without cramping
3- inherited coagulopathy : von willbrand disease most commonly
4- dysfunctional uterine bleeding: unpredictable in amount and duration ( an ovulation and cervical mucus clear thin and watery
Basal body temperature chart will not show mid cycle ( absence of the thermogenic effect of progesterone

45
Q

Primary amenorrhea
14 without sexual characters 16 wit it

A

Breast + uterus + : imperfotr hymen
Breast + uterus- : mullarian agenesis and complete androgen insensitivity
Testosterone and karyotype
Breast- uterus + : turner and hypothalamic

46
Q

Secondary amenorrhea

A

1- rule out pregnancy
-2- an ovulation ( progesterone challenge test )
3- estrogen progesterone test : low estrogen ( ovarian or HP axis
4- hysterosaling: outflow obstruction

Medecine (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions