Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Surg Tech 105 > Surg 105--Chapter 31 (Fuller) > Flashcards

Surg 105--Chapter 31 (Fuller) Flashcards

1
Q

Ballooning of an artery as a result of weakening of the arterial wall. May be caused by artherosclerosis, infection, or a hereditary defect in the vascular system.

A

aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dilation of an artery using endovascular techniques. May include insertion of a supportive stent inside the artery to maintain blood flow.

A

angioplasty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A disease characterized by thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the arterial wall.

A

arteriosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

An incision made in an artery, usually to perform an anastomosis with a graft or another artery or to remove plaque or a thrombus.

A

arteriotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A naturally occurring or surgically created connection between an artery and a vein. In surgery, it is created to prepare a vessel for hemodialysis.

A

arteriovenous (av) fistula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The most common form of arteriosclerosis, which causes plaque to form on the inner surface of an artery.

A

atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The Y-shape of an artery or graft.

A

bifurcation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The lowest pressure exerted on the arterial wall during the resting phase of the cardiac cycle.

A

diastolic pressure (diastole)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A type of ultrasonography that amplifies sounds that pass through tissue and produces a visual image of blood flow.

A

doppler duplex ultrasonography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A diagnostic tool that measures the electrical activity of the brain. May be used during surgery to determine the patient’s neurophysiological response.

A

electroencephalogram (EEG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A moving substance in the vascular system. May consist of air, a blood clot, atherosclerotic plaque, or fat.

A

embolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The surgical removal of plaque from inside an artery.

A

endarterectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A term meaning “outside the body.”

A

extracorporeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A process in which blood is shunted out of the body and passes through a complex set of filters for the treatment of end-stage renal disease (and in some cases poisoning), also called renal replacement therapy (RRT).

A

hemodialysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A term referring to the pressure, flow, and resistance in the cardiovascular system.

A

hemodynamic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

An abnormal increase in blood pressure.

A

hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

An abnormally low blood pressure.

A

hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A blockage in an artery that leads to ischemia and tissue death.

A

infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A term meaning “in the natural position or normal place, without disturbing or invading surrounding tissues.”

A

in situ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A diagnostic tool in which a transducer is introduced into an artery and ultrasound is used to translate the physical characteristics of the lumen into a visible image.

A

intravascular ultrasound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The decrease in or absence of blood to a localized area, usually related to vascular obstruction.

A

ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The inside of a hollow structure, such as a blood vessel.

A

lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A term that literally means “through the skin.” In this approach, an incision is not made; rather a catheter or other device is introduced through a puncture site.

A

percutaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pooling of blood in the veins caused by inactivity or disease; can cause distention of the veins.

A

stasis (venous)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A tubular device placed inside an artery for dilation, support, and to prevent stricture.

A

stent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The highest pressure exerted on the inside arterial wall during contraction of the heart.

A

systolic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Any organic or nonorganic material blocking an artery; generally refers to a blood clot or atherosclerotic plaque but also includes fat or air.

A

thrombus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

A length of mess tape used to loop around a blood vessel for retraction.

A

umbilical tape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Thinning and enlargement of veins as a result of stasis (pooling of blood in the vessel).

A

variscosity

30
Q

A device used to retract a vessel during surgery. A length a thin Silastic tubing or cotton tape is passed around the vessel.

A

vessel loop

31
Q

What is an endarterectomy?

A

The removal of atherosclerotic plaque from the inside of the artery.

32
Q

What is an angioplasty?

A

The insertion of an arterial catheter or stent into an artery to establish patency and normal blood flow.

33
Q

What is a thrombectomy?

A

The removal of a stationary clot in a blood vessel. Restores circulation and prevents emboli.

34
Q

Why are vascular procedures performed?

A

To treat arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, or thromboembolic disease.

35
Q

Why is timing important during reconstruction and grafting procedures?

A

Often require temporary clamping of large blood vessels or those which contribute the main blood supply to vital organs. Timing is important to minimize the risk of ischemia to tissue.

36
Q

What are the layers of the blood vessels?

A
  • tunica externa
  • tunica media
  • tunica intima
37
Q

Composed of connective tissue which protects the vessel from injury and provides structural strength.

A

tunica externa

38
Q

Composed of inner layers of smooth muscle bounded by connective tissue.

A

tunica media

39
Q

Smooth muscle is under the control of the _____.

A

autonomic nervous system

40
Q

Secretes substances that cause vasodilation or constriction, as well as substances that prevent platelet aggregation in the vessel.

A

tunica intima

41
Q

Carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

A

arteries

42
Q

Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs

A

pulmonary artery

43
Q

Arteries are _____, _____, and contain mostly _____.

A

thick walled
highly elastic
smooth muscle

44
Q

The elastic nature of the arteries allows them to contract during _____, and relax during _____.

A

systole (ventricular contraction)

diastole (the resting phase of the heart)

45
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

The force exerted on the arterial wall by the pumping action of the heart.

46
Q

What is the higher pressure that occurs during contraction of the ventricles?

A

systolic pressure

47
Q

The lower pressure that occurs during the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle.

A

diastolic pressure

48
Q

What is the largest vein in the body?

A

vena cava

49
Q

What are vascular clamps designed to do?

A

prevent trauma to blood vessels

50
Q

How many blood pressure cuffs are used for arterial plethysmography?

A

3 are placed on the leg and inflated to 65 mm Hg

51
Q

_____ is used more often than _____ to maintain dry operative field

A

suction

sponges

52
Q

What is a stent?

A

Tubular mesh implant that fits against the wall of an artery. Provides a physical barrier between the atherosclerotic plaque and the vessel lumen. Hold the blood vessel open.

53
Q

What are stents made of?

A

stainless steel, titanium, or a metal alloy called Nitinol

54
Q

What is a vessel loop?

A

Used for retraction of blood vessels. May also be used to occlude blood vessels by acting as a tourniquet

55
Q

What are vessel loops made of?

A

thin length of Silastic material

56
Q

What is used to reverse heparin?

A

protamine sulfate

57
Q

Intravenous administration of thrombin can cause a _____.

A

fatal embolus

58
Q

What is the difference between preoperative and intraoperative angiography?

A

Preop–injection of a contrast medium into a selected artery and its branches to determine the exact location of strictures, occlusion, or malformation.
Intraop–used in conjunction with angioplasty to allow the surgeon to see the position of the stricture and to place the catheter in the correct location.

59
Q

A metal, umbrella-shaped filter inserted into the inferior vena cava to prevent emboli from entering the pulmonary system.

A

vena cava filter

60
Q

What is the goal of a thrombectomy?

A

To remove a stationary clot in a blood vessel.

61
Q

What type of catheter is used to remove a thrombus?

A

embolectomy catheter

62
Q

What can be used for vasospams?

A

lidocaine and papaverine

63
Q

During a carotid endarterectomy, what arteries are clamped and in what order and in what order are they unclamped?

A
  • -internal, common and external carotid arteries are clamped (ice)
  • -external, internal, and common carotid artery clamps are open and closed (eic)
  • -external, common, and internal carotid artery clamps are removed (eci)
64
Q

What is an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm?

A

A condition in which a section of the abdominal aorta becomes thin and bulges

65
Q

What is the surgical goal of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm?

A

implant a graft extending from the aorta to both iliac arteries. restores circulation to the lower extremities and pelvis

66
Q

what is the most common cause of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm?

A

because of atherosclerotic plaque and progressive weakening of the aortic wall

67
Q

What is a Femerofemoral?

A

A synthetic graft or autograft is implanted between the femoral and popliteal arteries.

68
Q

What is a femerofemoral performed?

A

Indicated for atherosclerosis of the femoral artery

69
Q

What kind of anastomosis is used in a femerofemoral?

A

end-to-side anastomosis

70
Q

What is “in situ” saphenous femoropopliteal bypass?

A

Surgical alternative to the use of a sythetic graft to bypass a diseased femoral artery. The saphenous vein is used.

71
Q

What is the goal of situ saphenous femoropopliteal bypass?

A

produce vascular continuity with an autograft

72
Q

What 2 arteries are involved in the situ saphenous femoropopliteal bypass?

A

popliteal and femoral

Surg Tech 105 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions