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surface chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

what is activated charcoal?

A

on heating charcoal at a very high temperature, all the vapours get evaporated from the surface and the surface becomes porous

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2
Q

how does adding charcoal to organic dyes affect their colour?

A

they turn colourless

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3
Q

how does silica gel affect the moisture in air?

A

air gets dry

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4
Q

absorption is a _ phenomenon, while absorption is a _ phenomenon

A

bulk, surface

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5
Q

thermodynamical parameters with respect to adsorption

A

delta S, G, H are all negative

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6
Q

surface area increases/decreases with absorption

A

increases

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7
Q

highly liquifiable gases=> _ absorption

A

more

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8
Q

condition at which absorption is spontaneous

A

Delta H> T delta S

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9
Q

difference between physiorption and chemiosorption

A

.

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10
Q

why does physiorption result in multimolecular layers while chemiosoprtion results in unimolecular layers?

A

chem bonds can be formed only with one layer, which is in direct contact while in physiorption layers of gas can be adsorbed one over another

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11
Q

what does Freundlich adsorption isotherm represent?

A

variation in amt of gas adsorbed with pressure at constant temp.

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12
Q

relation between x, m, k, t for physiorption

A

x/m=k/t

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13
Q

freundlich equation in standard and log form

A

.

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14
Q

variation of extent of adsorption with pressure for different pressures

A
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15
Q

ease of liquification is _ to intermolecular forces

A

directly proportional

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16
Q

limiation of freundlich

A

not able to explain x/m at v high pressure

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17
Q

sols of water, alcohol, benzene are called

A

hydrosol/aquasol, alcosol, benzosom

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18
Q

lyophilic colloids are intrinsic of extrinsic

A

intrinsic

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19
Q

formation of lyophilic and lyophobics sols

A

philic- mixing larger molecules with suitable liq
phobic- mixing metlas/sulphides etc w suitable liqs

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20
Q

how can lyiphobic sols be coagulated easily

A

be adding small amt of electrolytes

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21
Q

what are micelles

A

particles that at specific low temp and CMC behave as electrolytes and behave as colloids at temp highter than TK

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22
Q

explain peptization

A

formation of colloidal.sol by converting ppt into it and shaking with dispersion medium in presence of electrolyte

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23
Q

for chemically preparing colloids, what processes can be used?

A

double decomposition, oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis

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24
Q

for chemically preparing colloids, what processes can be used?

A

double decomposition, oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis

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25
Q

bredigs arc method

A

electric arc is struck bw electrodes of metal immersed in diserpersipn medium, intense heat vapourizes the metal which then condenses to form particles of colloidal size

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26
Q

dialysis

A

seperating particles of colloid and electrolytes by diffusion through a suitable membrane

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27
Q

electrodialysis

A

making dialysis faster by applying an electric field if dissolved particles in impure colloid are electrolytes as ions present migrate out to opp charged electrodes

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28
Q

how to make ultra filter paper

A

soak filter paper in colloidal solution (4% of nitrocellulose in mix of alcohol and ether) and hardening by formaldehyde and drying it

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29
Q

theory of preferential adsorption

A

particles constituing the dispersed phase generally adsorb only those ions preferentially which are common with their own lattic ions

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30
Q

what is coagulation/pptn

A

aggregating colloid particlee to change them into large sized particles which later set as ppt

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31
Q

flocculating ion

A

when an elevtrolyte is afded to colloidal sol, particles of sol take up opp charger ions and neutralise.
the ion responsibilenfor neutralisation of charge is called flocculating ion

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32
Q

coagulation value

A

min amt of electrolytes (minimol) that must be added to one litre of a colloidal.solution for complete coagulation is called the coagulation value

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33
Q

coagulation powrr and value relation

A

inversely proportional

34
Q

hardy schulz rule

A

greater valence of coagulating ion means greater coagulation power

35
Q

gold number

A

measure of power of lyophilic colloids to stop coagulation

36
Q

gold no and protection power relation

A

inverse proportional

37
Q

2 features of solid catalysts

A

activity (depends on strength of chemiosorption), selectivity (ability to direct a reaction to yield particular products)

38
Q

enzymes in yeast

A

invertase, zymase, maltase

39
Q

enzyme in malt

A

disastase

40
Q

enzyme in soyabean

A

urease

41
Q

enzyme in stomach

A

pepsin

42
Q

mechanism of enzyme catalysts

A
  1. binding of enzyme to substrat3 to form activated complex
  2. decomposition of activated complex to form product
43
Q

catalysts haber process

A

molybdenum iron

44
Q

ostwald process catalyst

A

platinised asbestos

45
Q

contact process catalyst

A

platinised asbestos or V2O5

46
Q

cleansing action of soap

A

micelle consists of hydrophobic hydrcarbon like central core. soap molecules form micelle around oil droplets such that hydrophobe part of stearate ions is in the oil droplet and hydrophobic part projects out of the grease droplet like bristles

47
Q

helmholtz electrical double layer

A

combination of layers of opposite charge around colloidal particles. 1st layer is fixed 2nd is mobile (diffused layer)

48
Q

In Haber’s process, hydrogen is obtained by reacting methane with steam in presence of NiO as catalyst. The process is known as steam reforming. Why is it necessary to remove CO when ammonia is obtained by Haber’s process?

A

Because CO formed acts as poison for the catalyst used

49
Q

What is the role of desorption in the process of catalysis?

A

In the heterogeneous catalysis carried over metal surface, adsorbed reactant species combine to form the products. They have to be desorbed from the surface so that more the reactants may be accommodated on the surface of the catalyst. Therefore, desorption has a specific role to play in the process of catalysis

50
Q

Why is it essential to wash a precipitate with water before estimating it quantitatively

A

Precipitates are generally formed in the ionic reactions. Some ions of the reactants may be adsorbed or may stick on the surface of the particles of the precipitate. These can be removed by washing the precipitate repeatedly with water. In case these ions are not removed, they may introduce some error in weighing when the precipitate is estimated quantitatively.

51
Q

Why is it essential to wash a precipitate with water before estimating it quantitatively

A

Precipitates are generally formed in the ionic reactions. Some ions of the reactants may be adsorbed or may stick on the surface of the particles of the precipitate. These can be removed by washing the precipitate repeatedly with water. In case these ions are not removed, they may introduce some error in weighing when the precipitate is estimated quantitatively.

52
Q

colloid formed by solid phase and gaseous medium

A

aerosol

53
Q

colloid formed by liquid and liquid

A

emulsion

54
Q

colloid formed. y liquid phase and solid medium

A

gel

55
Q

gas phase and liquid medium colloid

A

foam

56
Q

liquid phase and gaseous medium colloid

A

aerosol

57
Q

What are the factors which influence the adsorption of a gas on a solid?

A

nature of adsorbate and adsorbent, surface area of adsorbent, activation of adsorbent, pressure, temperature

58
Q

What do you understand by activation of adsorbent ? How is it achieved?

A

Activation of adsorbent implies increasing its adsorbing power. This is achieved by increasing the surface area and also the number of pores and vacant sites (active centres) per unit area. The activation can be achieved in a number of ways.

59
Q

What role does adsorption play in heterogeneous catalysis?

A

In heterogenous catalysis, generally the reactants are gaseous whereas catalyst is a solid. The reactant molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the solid catalyst by physical adsorption or chemisorption. As a result, the concentration of the reactant molecules on the surface increases further leading to increase in rate of reaction. Alternatively, one of the reactant molecules undergoes fragmentation on the surface of the solid catalyst producing active species which react faster. The product molecules in either case have no affinity for the solid catalyst and are deadsorbed making the surface free for fresh adsorption.

60
Q

Explain what is observed when :
(i) a beam of light is passed through colloidal sol
(ii) an electrolyte NaCl is added to ferric hydroxide sol
(iii) electric current is passed through a colloidal sol ?

A
  1. path of light and colloidal particles become visible due to tyndall effect.
  2. the positive charged sol particles of ferric oxide get their charge neutralised by interacting with negative chloride ions. as a result they get coagulated.
  3. colloidal particles move towards opposite charged electrode
61
Q

how do emulsifiers stabilise emulsion

A

by reducing interfacial tension between two liquids forming the emulsion

62
Q

in froth floatation(used for conc of sulphide ores), the role of adsorption is

A

adsorption of pine oil on sulphide particles

63
Q

chemisorption is also called

A

activated adsorption

64
Q

adsroption is an _ process

A

exo

65
Q

adsroption is an _ process

A

exo

66
Q

adsorption explains _ catalysis

A

heterogeneous

67
Q

activity of enzymes is ineffective at _

A

high temp

68
Q

catalyst used in oxdn of SO2 to So3

A

v2o5

69
Q

zeolites depend on

A

pores, aperture and size of cavities

70
Q

enzyme activity is max at

A

310 k

71
Q

hair cream is an example of

A

emulsion

72
Q

lyophilic colloids are stable due to

A

same charge on all colloidal particles, solvation of colloidal particles

73
Q

gold sol is a _ colloid

A

multimolecular

74
Q

smoke is a

A

solid dispersed in gas

75
Q

H2 gas is adsorbed on charcoal to a very little extent because of

A

weak vdw forces and low critical temp

76
Q

emulsion cannot be broken by

A

heating or adding emulsifying agents

77
Q

haemoglobin is not a

A

negative charged sol

78
Q

what is the promoter for Fe in habers process

A

Mo

79
Q

zeolite catalyst in petroleum industry

A

ZSM 5

80
Q

which enzyme converts starch into maltose

A

disastase

81
Q

which enzyme converts starch into maltose

A

disastase

chemistry (7 decks)

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