Surface Anatomy - Lower leg, foot and ankle Flashcards
what bones form the ankle joint?
distal tibia, distal fibula and talar body
how many bones are in the foot?
28
what are the bones of the foot?
7 tarsals-(talus, calcaneum, navicular, cuboid, medial, middle and lateral cuneiform)
5 metatarsals
5 proximal phalanges
4 middle phalanges
5 distal phalanges
2 sesamoids under first MTPJ
what are the joints of the ankle?
distal tibia, distal fibula, taller body
what are the joints of the foot?
subtalar - talus/calcaneum - inversion/eversion
distal joints named for bones:
talonavicular, calcaneocuboid, naviculocuneiform, tarsometatarsal, metatarsalphalangeal,, proximal and distal interphalangeal
what muscle compartment is contracting during dorsiflexion of the foot?
anterior (extensor)
what muscles are in the anterior compartment?
tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus
what is the nerve supply to the anterior compartment?
deep peroneal nerve
what pulse is between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals?
dorsalis pedis
what muscles are contracting when foot is everted?
peroneus longus and brevis
what compartment does the Peroneus longus and Brevis form?
lateral compartment
where does the peroneus brevis insert?
base of 5th metatarsal
where does the peroneus longus insert?
pass under the foot to attach at the base of the first metatarsal
what is the motor nerve supply of the peroneus brevis and longus?
superficial peroneal nerve
what pulse is felt behind the medial malleolus?
posterior tibial
what tendons run behind the medial malleolus?
tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior artery, vein, tibial nerve, flexor hallucis longus
(tom dick and very naughty harry)
what muscle compartment does (tom dick and very naughty harry) lie in?
deep posterior (flexor)
what nerve supplies the deep posterior (flexor compartment)?
tibial nerve
what is the action of the tibialis posterior?
ankle plantarflexor and inventor. initiates heel rise
what is the 4th lower limb compartment?
superficial posterior compartment
what muscles are in the superficial deep compartment?
gastrocnemius and soleus
where do the gastrocnemius and coleus muscles insert?
achilles tendon
what are the 4 compartments of the lower limb?
anterior compartment (dorsiflexors)
lateral compartment (evertors)
superficial posterior compartment (plantar flexion - knee flexion)
deep posterior compartment plantar flexors
where can the dorsalis pedis pulse be felt?
between base of 1 and 2 metatarsals
which nerve supplies sensation to the first dorsal webspace?
deep peroneal.
which nerve is significant in diagnosis of compartment syndrome?
deep peroneal nerve
deep nerve that is the first to be affected by increased intracompartmental pressures
what is the sensory distribution of the superficial peroneal nerve?
dorsum of the foot, except the first webspace
what nerve supplies sensation to the sole of the foot?
tibial nerve -medial and lateral plantar nerves and calcanea branch
what is hallus valgus?
lateral deviation of the great toe
what are the main muscles that stabilise the anlkle when standing on one leg?
peroneal muscles laterally, balanced by tibialis posterior medially
what muscles are working when on your tip toes?
tibialis posterior initiated by heel rise but the calf muscles keep you up
what are the calf muscles?
gastrocnemius and soleus
what movement occurs at the ankle?
dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
what joint is being used during inversion and eversion of the foot and ankle?
subtalar joint
what joints are being used during pronation and supination of the foot and ankle?
transverse tarsal joints (TN/CC)
what is the normal range of the first MTPJ?
9 degree dorsiflexion
40 degrees plantar flexion
what is pes planus?
flat foot, medial border of foot touches floor
what are the causes of flat foot?
normal variant, tarsal coalition rigid, tibialis posterior disease, post traumatic after fractures or sprains
