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Week 3 - Nerve, Muscle and Movement > Anatomy - Wrist and Hand > Flashcards

Anatomy - Wrist and Hand Flashcards

1
Q

what is he thumb called?

A

pollex

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2
Q

what is the pointer finger called?

A

index forefinger

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3
Q

what is the middle finger called?

A

digitus medius

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4
Q

what is the ring finger called?

A

ring annularis

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5
Q

what is the pinky finger called?

A

little minimus

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6
Q

what is the bulge of muscle called on the side of the thumb?

A

thenar

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7
Q

what is the bulge of muscle called on the side of the pinky?

A

little minimus

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8
Q

what are the proximal carpals?

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform

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9
Q

what are the distal carpals?

A

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate , hamate

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10
Q

how many phalanges do we have?

A

14

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11
Q

how many bones are in the hand and wrist?

A

27

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12
Q

what is fascia?

A

holds tendons, BVs and nerves close to bones

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13
Q

what is retinacula?

A

in the wrist, thick deep fibrous band which holds tendons down preventing bowstrings (when flexing and extending hand)

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14
Q

where is the flexor retinaculum?

A

over anterior carpal bones, flexor tendons and median nerve pass under carpal tunnel)

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15
Q

where is the extensor retinaculum?

A

on the dorsal carpals, extensor tendons of the hand and digits pass underneath

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16
Q

what is the floor of the carpal tunnel?

A

concave arch of carpal bones
-covered by extrinsic palmar ligaments

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17
Q

what is the roof of the carpal tunnel?

A

flexor retinaculum,
attached to scaphoid and trapezium, pisiform and hamate

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18
Q

what is the contents of the carpal tunnel?

A

9 flexor tendons, vascular synovium and median nerves
-median nerve superficial to the tendons

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19
Q

what are the non pre-tensile movements?

A

not supposed to happen
pushing
hitting with flat hand ect

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20
Q

what are prehensile movements?

A

made for
grasp and grip
findamental movements of hand
dependent on positioning of fingers (digits 2-5) and thumb

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21
Q

what is over grip?

A

palm grasp
allows holding of tool or In punch
strong
long extrinsic flexors of fingers and intrinsic muscle in palm
wrist extended

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22
Q

what is a precision grip?

A

-fine control of manipulative movements
-grip between tips of fingers and thumb (opposition)
-often between thumb and index finger
-can involve other digits
-involves hold by extrinsic flexors and extensors
-precision from intrinsic muscles

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23
Q

what stops the ulna from articulating with the carpals?

A

articuclar disk

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24
Q

what are the movements capable between the radius and carpals?

A

adduct
neutral
extend
abduct
flex

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25
Q

what movements occur at the metacarpophalangeal joints?

A

-metacarpals and proximal phalanges
-flex/extend = wave bye
-abduct/adduct = move fingers apart/back

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26
Q

what movements occur at the interphalangeal joints?

A

-proximal = prox + middle
-distal = middle & distal
-flex/extend =curl and straighten digits

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27
Q

what joint allows thumb movement?

A

between the trapezium and base 1st metacarpal

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28
Q

what movements occur at the thumb?

A

-abduction
-adduction
-extension
-flexion
-opposition
-reposition

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29
Q

what are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A

belly inside palm
-intricate movements and precision grip

30
Q

what are the extrinsic muscles of the hand?

A

long flexors and extensors, belly outside hand
-important in power grip
-tendons enter hand deep to retinaculi
-transverse digit in fibrous sheath

31
Q

what are the most superficial flexors of the forearm?

A

palmaris longus
flexor digitorum superficialis
arise from medial epicondylitis of humerus
-pass anterior to elbow
-supplied by median nerve

32
Q

what is the common flexor origin?

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

33
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

-deepest of superficial flexors
-through carpal tunnel and inserts base of middle phalanges digits 2-5
-flexes middle phalanges of each finger
-but not the tips of the fingers

34
Q

what muscle flexes the tips of fingers?

A

flexor digitorum profundus

35
Q

what are the wrist flexor muscles

A

flexor carpi radialis/ulnaris

36
Q

what are the deep flexor muscles of the fingers?

A

-flexor digitorum profundus
-flexor pollicis longus
arise from radius and ulna

37
Q

flexor digitorum profundus?

A

proximal ant ulna and interosseous membrane
passes through carpal tunnel
inserts base of distal phalanges
flexes distal phalanges of each finger
median and ulnar nerve

38
Q

what are the superficial intrinsic extensor muscles of the fingers?

A

extensor digitorum
-extensor digiti minimi
arise from lateral epicondyle humerus (common extensor origin)

39
Q

extensor digitorum?

A

inserts distal and middle phalanges
extends phalanges
radial nerve

40
Q

extensor indicis?

A

extends digit 2
arises from the posterior ulna
inserts at the exterior expansion of digit 2
innervated by deep radial nerve

40
Q

what are the deep extrinsic extensor muscles of the fingers?

A

extensor indices
proximal to MP joint, all extensor tendons join triangular expansion and form hood over joint = extensor expansion hood

41
Q

what are the extrinsic muscles of the thumb?

A

flexor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis longus

42
Q

flexor pollicis longus?

A

anterior
origin- deep; radius and interosseous membrane
inserts - base distal phalanx
same plane as flexor digitorum

43
Q

extensor pollicis longus?

A

posterior
origin - deep; ulna and interosseous membrane
inserts - base distal phalanx

44
Q

extensor pollicis longus?

A

posterior
origin - deep; post R and interooseois membrane
inserts - base of proximal phalanx
forms border of snuff box

45
Q

abductor pollicis longus?

A

posterior
origin - post surface R/U and interooseous membrane
inserts - base 1st metacarpal
forms border of snuff box

46
Q

what nerves supply the intrinsic muscles of the fingers?

A

radial and ulnar nerves

47
Q

what muscles make up the hypothenar eminence?

A

abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi
opponens digiti minimi
attach to pisiform, hamate and flexor retinaculum
act on digit 5
innervated by ulnar nerve

48
Q

what do the thenar eminence muscles do?

A

attach trapezium & scaphoid and lateral flexor retinaculum
insert on phalanges of thumb
innervated by median nerve

48
Q

what muscles make up the thenar eminence?

A

abductor pollicis brevis - abducts thumb superficial
flexor pollicis brevis - draws thumb across palm, deep and med to absuctor
opponens pollicis - opposition - deepest (sits under APB)

49
Q

which tendon of the finger splits?

A

flexor digiti superficialis

50
Q

what are the lumbricles?

A

-4 deep muscles, median and ulnar nerve
-arise form tendons of FDP, no bony origin
-insert extensor expansions of digit 2-5
-flex digits at MP joints & extend IP joints

51
Q

what are the interossei muscles

A

-sit in between metacarpal bones
-dep
-abduct and adduct digits

52
Q

what are the palmar muscles of the interossei?

A

adduct, ulnar nerve
-small, arise from metacarpals 2,4 and 5
insert - phalanges 2,4 and 5
adduct fingers

53
Q

what are the dorsal interossei muscles?

A

-abduct, ulnar nerve
-larger, arise from 2 adjacent metacarpals
-insert into ext expansions & proximal phalanges 2-4
-abduct fingers

54
Q

which muscle is a powerful supinator of the forearm?

A

biceps brachii

55
Q

where is the common flexor origin?

A

medial epicondyle

56
Q

which carpal has a hook?

A

hamate

57
Q

which nerve supplies sensory innervation to the medial aspect of the hand?

A

ulnar

58
Q

Which “boat-shaped” carpal bone is palpated in the anatomical snuffbox and may be fractured in a fall onto an outstretched hand?

A

scaphoid

59
Q

Which artery is palpable laterally at the wrist in the anatomical snuffbox?

A

radial

60
Q

Which nerve travels through the supinator muscle?

A

radial

61
Q

which nerve is responsible for thumb opposition?

A

median

62
Q

Which is the correct position of brachial artery, median nerve, and median cubital vein in relation to the bicipital aponeurosis?

A

Only the median cubital vein is superficial to the bicipital aponeurosis, the other two are deep to it

63
Q

Which nerve supplies the pronator teres muscle?

A

median

64
Q

Which structure forms the medial border of the anatomical snuffbox in the wrist?

A

Tendon of extensor pollicis longus muscle

65
Q

Which carpal bone is most frequently fractured?

A

scaphoid

66
Q

The ulnar tunnel (of Guyon) transmits which structure (s)?

A

ulnar nerve and artery

67
Q

What is innervation of lumbrical muscles in hand?

A

half median and half ulnar nerve

68
Q

Which structure is palpable proximally in the anatomical snuffbox of hand?

A

Radial styloid process

Week 3 - Nerve, Muscle and Movement (7 decks)

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