Surface Anatomy- key landmarks

Question 1

Name the elbow.

Answer 1

Olecranon process of ulna

Question 2

Name the knee cap.

Answer 2

Patella

Question 3

Prominences immediately above the elbow joint are also regard as what?

Answer 3

Medial and lateral numeral epidcondyles

Question 4

What’s the name for the highest point of the hip bone?

Answer 4

The iliac crest

Question 5

Bony prominences on either side of the ankle.

Answer 5

Medial and lateral malleolus

Question 6

Vertebral level of the sternal angle?

Answer 6

T4

Question 7

Vertebral angle of the summit of the iliac crest?

Answer 7

L5

Question 8

Vertebral level of the xiphisternal joint?

Answer 8

T9

Question 9

Which are the spinal nerve roots of the brachial plexus?

Answer 9

C5-T1

Question 10

Which are the spinal nerve roots of the lunbaosacral plexus?

Answer 10

L1-S4

Question 11

Describe the distribution of the dermatomes of the upper limbs.

Answer 11

Dermatomes C5-T1

Look at page 52 in anatomy booklet

Question 12

What body surface landmark is at T4?

Answer 12

The nipples

Question 13

What body surface landmark is at dermatomes T10?

Answer 13

The umbillicus

Question 14

Dermatomes L1 is at which region?

Answer 14

The groin region

Question 15

What joint is at dermatomes T2? And what type of joint is this?

Answer 15

Sternomanubrial joint (sternal angle)
Secondary cartilaginous

Question 16

If the spinal cord is severed above a particular vertebrae this causes breathing to stop.
At what vertebra is this?

Answer 16

C3

Question 17

At what dermatomes is the xiphisternal joint (xiphoid process) located?

Answer 17

T6

Question 18

At what dermatome is the anterior superior iliac spine located?

Answer 18

Dermatome T12

Question 19

What is found at dermatome T8?

Answer 19

The costal margin

Question 20

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 20

7

Question 21

What is the specific name given to:

1) C1
2) C2
3) C7

Answer 21

1) atlas
2) axis
3) vertebra prominers

Question 22

At what vertebral level is the spine of the scapula found?

Answer 22

T3

Question 23

At what vertebral level is the inferior angle of the scapula found?

Answer 23

T7

Question 24

At what vertebral level is the summit of the iliac crest found?

Answer 24

L4

Question 25

Name 3 important structures which are found at vertebral level T4.

Answer 25

The sternomanubrial joint, arch of the aorta and the bifurcation of the trachea.

Question 26

At what vertebral level is a lumbar puncture performed on :

1) an adult?
2) a child?

Answer 26

1) between L3 and L4

2) between L4 and L5

Question 27

Where does the thoracic duct commence?

Answer 27

L1 as cisterna chyli

Question 28

Where does the spinal cord terminate in a child?

Answer 28

L2/3 (depending on age)

Question 29

Concerning spinal injury; why is displacement of the spinal cord more easily done in the thoracic region rather than the cervical or lumbar?

Answer 29

In the thoracic region the spinal canal is smaller.
Whereas in the cervical region the spinal canal is relatively large and in the lumbar region the spinal cord only extends to L1.

Question 30

To which vertebral level does the dura matter (dural sac) descend?

Answer 30

To the middle sacral vertebra S3

Question 31

Where are the lateral horns of the spinal cord located?

Answer 31

T1-L2

Question 32

Which spinal cord segment gives rise to somatic nerve fibres?

Answer 32

C1-S5

Question 33

Which spinal cord region gives rise to sympathetic nerve fibres?

Answer 33

T1-L2

Question 34

Between which vertebral level does the sympathetic chain extend?

Answer 34

C1-Cc1 (coccyx)

Question 35

Where do the 3 thoracic splanchnic nerves originate from?

Answer 35

T6-T12

Question 36

Which spinal cord levels gives origin to parasympathetic nerves?

Answer 36

S2-S4