Surface Anatomy- key landmarks Flashcards
Name the elbow.
Olecranon process of ulna
Name the knee cap.
Patella
Prominences immediately above the elbow joint are also regard as what?
Medial and lateral numeral epidcondyles
What’s the name for the highest point of the hip bone?
The iliac crest
Bony prominences on either side of the ankle.
Medial and lateral malleolus
Vertebral level of the sternal angle?
T4
Vertebral angle of the summit of the iliac crest?
L5
Vertebral level of the xiphisternal joint?
T9
Which are the spinal nerve roots of the brachial plexus?
C5-T1
Which are the spinal nerve roots of the lunbaosacral plexus?
L1-S4
Describe the distribution of the dermatomes of the upper limbs.
Dermatomes C5-T1
Look at page 52 in anatomy booklet
What body surface landmark is at T4?
The nipples
What body surface landmark is at dermatomes T10?
The umbillicus
Dermatomes L1 is at which region?
The groin region
What joint is at dermatomes T2? And what type of joint is this?
Sternomanubrial joint (sternal angle) Secondary cartilaginous
If the spinal cord is severed above a particular vertebrae this causes breathing to stop.
At what vertebra is this?
C3
At what dermatomes is the xiphisternal joint (xiphoid process) located?
T6
At what dermatome is the anterior superior iliac spine located?
Dermatome T12
What is found at dermatome T8?
The costal margin
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
What is the specific name given to:
1) C1
2) C2
3) C7
1) atlas
2) axis
3) vertebra prominers
At what vertebral level is the spine of the scapula found?
T3
At what vertebral level is the inferior angle of the scapula found?
T7
At what vertebral level is the summit of the iliac crest found?
L4
Name 3 important structures which are found at vertebral level T4.
The sternomanubrial joint, arch of the aorta and the bifurcation of the trachea.
At what vertebral level is a lumbar puncture performed on :
1) an adult?
2) a child?
1) between L3 and L4
2) between L4 and L5
Where does the thoracic duct commence?
L1 as cisterna chyli
Where does the spinal cord terminate in a child?
L2/3 (depending on age)
Concerning spinal injury; why is displacement of the spinal cord more easily done in the thoracic region rather than the cervical or lumbar?
In the thoracic region the spinal canal is smaller.
Whereas in the cervical region the spinal canal is relatively large and in the lumbar region the spinal cord only extends to L1.
To which vertebral level does the dura matter (dural sac) descend?
To the middle sacral vertebra S3
Where are the lateral horns of the spinal cord located?
T1-L2
Which spinal cord segment gives rise to somatic nerve fibres?
C1-S5
Which spinal cord region gives rise to sympathetic nerve fibres?
T1-L2
Between which vertebral level does the sympathetic chain extend?
C1-Cc1 (coccyx)
Where do the 3 thoracic splanchnic nerves originate from?
T6-T12
Which spinal cord levels gives origin to parasympathetic nerves?
S2-S4
