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102 Abdomen > Surface Anatomy > Flashcards

Surface Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the palpable landmarks delineating the abdominal cavity?

A
  1. Costal margin
  2. Iliac crest
  3. Anterior superior iliac spine
  4. Inguinal ligament
  5. Pubic tubercle
    [4. Runs between 3. And 5.]
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2
Q

Name and locate the vertebrae. Do they count up or down?

A

Sacral I-V (inferior to sacrum)
Lumbar I-V (sacrum to rib XII)
Thoracic I-XII (attached to ribs of same number)
Cervical I-VII

I is always superior.

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3
Q

Name the four transverse anatomical planes of the abdomen and their levels.

A
  1. Transpyloric LI (Midway between jugular notch & pubic symphysis)
  2. Subcostal LIII (just below rib X)
  3. Supracristal LIV (level with iliac crest)
  4. Intertubercular LV (runs between superior anterior iliac crest)
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4
Q

Name and locate the nine anatomical sectors of the abdomen.

A
  1. Right/Left Hypochondriac
  2. Epigastric
  3. Right/Left Lumbar
  4. Umbilical
  5. Right/Left Iliac
  6. Hypogastric
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5
Q

Name and locate, in relation to the vertebrae, the main branches of the abdominal aorta.

A
  1. Celiac trunk (superior margin of LI)
  2. Superior Mesenteric (inferior margin of LI)
  3. Renal (~LII)
  4. Inferior Mesenteric (LIII)
  5. Bifurcation of aorta (LIV)
    (6. Junction of common iliac veins to form vena cava at LV)
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6
Q

Describe the position of the following organs:

  1. Liver
  2. Gallbladder
  3. Stomach
  4. Spleen
  5. Caecum and appendix
A
  1. Right hypochondriac
  2. Ditto
  3. Left hypochondriac
  4. Ditto
  5. Right Iliac
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7
Q

Define McBurney’s point.

A
  1. Superficial site of the appendix
  2. Situated on a line from right superior anterior iliac spine to umbilicus.
  3. The point is 1/3 of the way from the RASIS.
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8
Q

Define and describe the blood supply of the following:

  1. Foregut
  2. Midgut
  3. Hindgut
A
  1. Includes: oesophagus, spleen, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, 1st & 2nd part of duodenum. Coeliac trunk.
  2. Includes: 3rd & 4th part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, appendix, caecum, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 of transverse colon. Superior Mesenteric Artery.
  3. Includes: distal1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, upper anal canal, urogenital sinus. Inferior Mesenteric Artery.
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9
Q

Describe the location of the kidneys and spleen.

A

Left: superior margin level with rib XI, inferior L3.
Right: “ “ just superior to rib XII (‘pushed down’ by liver), inferior level with top of L4.

Spleen: Between ribs IX & XI.

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10
Q

The costal cartilage of which rib articulates with the sternal angle?

A

Rib II

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11
Q

The xiphoid process is level with which rib?

A

Rib IV

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12
Q

Which vertebral level is level with the sternal angle?

A

TIV/V

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13
Q

What 5 things occur at the level of TIV/V?

A
  1. Costal cartilage Rib II articulates with sternum
  2. Separation of superior and inferior mediastinum
  3. Ascending aorta ends and arch of aorta begins
  4. Arch of aorta ends and thoracic aorta begins
  5. Trachea bifurcated
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14
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve heard?

A

Left lower part of sternum 5th intracostal space.

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15
Q

Where is the mitral valve heard?

A

Over the apex of the heart, left 5th intracostal at midclavicular.

[Mitral i.e. bicuspid, atrioventricular LHS heart]

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16
Q

Where is the pulmonary valve heard?

A

Medial end of left 2nd intracostal.

17
Q

Where is the aortic valve heard?

A

Medial end of right 2nd intracostal.

18
Q

LI vertebral level: what four things happen here?

A
  1. Beginning and upper limit of the end of the duodenum.
  2. Hila of kidneys
  3. Neck of pancreas
  4. Origin of sup. Mesenteric artery.
    [This is the transpyloric plane]
19
Q

Level of origin of celiac trunk?

A

LI upper border.

20
Q

Superior Mesenteric artery origin?

A

Lower border of LI vertebra.

21
Q

Origin of renal arteries?

A

LII vertebra

22
Q

Origin of inferior Mesenteric artery?

A

LIII vertebra.

23
Q

Level of aorta bifurcation into L/R common iliac arteries?

A

LIV

24
Q

Level of convergence of L/R common iliac veins to form vena cava?

A

LV

25
Q

At what vertebral level are the hila of the kidneys?

A

LI

26
Q

What rib are both the kidneys level with?

A

Rib XII

27
Q

What ribs cover the spleen?

A

Ribs IX and X

28
Q

At what articulation do the internal jugular and subclavian veins join to form the brachiocephalic?

A

The sterno-clavicular.

102 Abdomen (7 decks)

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