Anatomy Flashcards
What are the zones of the stomach?
Fundus Antrum Pylorus Gastro-oesophageal sphincter Pyloric sphincter
Name the cell types of the gastric mucosa, and their functions.
Parietal cells, secrete HCL.
Chief cells, secrete pepsinogen (for proteolysis).
Mucus-secreting cells, mucus made of glycoproteins called mucin, also bicarbonate.
G-cells, secrete gastrin, stimulating parietal cells via endocrine system.
D-cells, secrete somatostatin, acid secretion suppressant.
Define ‘mucosal barrier’
Plasma membranes of mucosal cells and the mucus layer.
[Fun fact: prostaglandins, which stimulate mucus secretion, are inhibited by aspirin and NSAIDs]
Average length of small intestine? And proportion of ileum?
3-6m
About 60% is ileum
Define ‘haustra’.
Pockets of colon, formed by incomplete layer of outer longitudinal smooth muscle which comes together to form taeniae coli.
What are the main cells of the colonic mucosa and their functions?
Epithelial cells, columnar: absorptive and form part of mucosal barrier.
Goblet cells, columnar: secrete mucin.
How long is the rectum?
12-15cm
What are the two principal intramural plexuses of the GI tract, and where are they located?
Myenteric plexus, between the outer, longitudinal layer and the middle circular muscles, a.k.a. Auerbach’s.
Submucous plexus, on the lumenal side of the middle circular muscles. A.k.a. Meissner’s.
At what vertebral level do the vena cava, oesophagus, and aorta respectively cross the diaphragm?
IVC T8
Oesophagus T10
Aorta T12
Where is the falciform ligament situated?
Between L/R lobes of liver.
Describe the attachment of the greater omentum superiorly.
To the greater curvature of the stomach.
Also to the transverse colon.
Three branches of coeliac trunk artery?
Left gastric
Splenic
Common Hepatic
The lesser omentum connects what two organs?
Liver and stomach.
Describe the greater and lesser sacs
greater: entire peritoneal cavity except lesser sac.
Lesser: That which contains the stomach and
