Supreme Court Cases Flashcards
McCullough v Maryland
Ruled that congress had implied powers under Article 1 Section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the U.S., and the state of Maryland could not tax the bank. Established that when it is state v. federal laws, federal laws win.
U.S. v Lopez
Ruled that gun-free school zones were unconstitutional as the federal government could not regulate certain liberties such as gun laws, and those would be up to the states. Preserved the system of federalism.
Baker v Carr
Established that federal courts could hear cases alleging that a state’s drawing of electoral boundaries violates the equal protections clause established in the 14th amendment
Shaw v Reno
Ruled that using racial reasons for redistricting is unconstitutional
Marbury v Madison
Established judicial review
Engel v Vitale
established a precedent that was used to significantly limit government-directed prayer in public school systems through several subsequent landmark Supreme Court decisions
Wisconsin v Yoder
developed the precedent that parents were allowed to educate their children outside of either the public school system or traditional private schools. In doing so, it prioritized the free exercise of religion over state interests.
Tinker v Des Moines
neither students nor teachers “shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate, widely considered the watershed of students’ free speech rights at school
Schenck v United States
the Supreme Court invented the famous “clear and present danger” test to determine when a state could constitutionally limit an individual’s free speech rights under the First Amendment.
New York Times v United States
defended the First Amendment right of free press against prior restraint by the government.
McDonald v Chicago
expanded the meaning of the Second Amendment to mean the right to keep and bear arms for non-militia purposes. The McDonald v. City of Chicago significance sprouts from the fact that the Second Amendment is applied by all state and local governments nationwide.
Gideon v Wainwright
the Sixth Amendment right to a fair trial guaranteed all defendants facing imprisonment a right to an attorney, not just those in death penalty cases.
Roe v Wade
the right to privacy implied in the 14th Amendment protected abortion as a fundamental right
Brown v Board of Education
the Supreme Court ruled that separating children in public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional
Citizens United v FEC
ruled the free speech clause of the first amendment prohibits the government from restricting independent expenditures for political candidates by corporations
