Supranational Organisations

Question 1

What is global governance?

Answer 1

Intervention by the global community attempting to regulate issues such as HRs, sovereignty and territorial integrity.

Question 2

Why is global governance needed?

Answer 2

=> To maintain and ensure peace, and improved living conditions for the global community.
=> To provide an agreed global (or regional) framework to regulate the challenge.

Question 3

What are supranational organisations?

Answer 3

A multinational union or association in which member countries cede authority and sovereignty on at least some internal matters to the group, whose decisions are binding on its members.

Question 4

What is a liberal world order? What is it based on? Institutions devised to promote it?

Answer 4

=> A liberal world order is an understanding of liberalism, with freedom, individualism, and rights enshrined in this
=> It is also based on an openness to trade, rules about sovereignty, peaceful negotiations and democracy.
=> Institutions include: UN, World Bank, IMF, and WTO.

Question 5

Impact of Soviet Union? Before and after collapse.

Answer 5

=> Did not buy into liberal world order. —–> Led to Cold War.
=> Collapse of USSR led to former members joining the Liberal World Order, strengthening it.
=> Since 1945, world economy has grown by 6 times, life expectancy has increased by 20 years.

Question 6

Why is the Liberal World Order starting to decline now?

Answer 6

=> Countries and armed groups are ignoring territorial integrity.
=> Rise of nationalism.
=> Shift towards growing powers such as China and Russia, with US less intent on maintaining the Liberal World order.
=> Funding is now more limited on IGOs (International Global Organisations).

Question 7

OSCE?

Answer 7

They monitor elections, ensuring fairness. This reduces potential civil disorder and conflict during regime changes.

Question 8

IMF/World Bank?

Answer 8

The ‘lenders of last resort.’ States are able to borrow money for development projects. Loans come with rules which require domestic and financial change to ensure repayment. But development or loans help to prevent state collapse, which would otherwise lead to conflict.

Question 9

NATO?

Answer 9

It is an intergovernmental military alliance, which defends all member nations. An attack on one is considered an attack on all. Used as a conflict deterrent.

Question 10

5 Eyes?

Answer 10

It is the collection of security networks of Australia, New Zealand, UK, Canada, and the USA.

Question 11

Human Rights Watch?

Answer 11

An NGO that triggers warnings when a state reduces liberties and rights, or commits atrocities. This allows for other states or IGOs to intervene.

Question 12

ACCORD?

Answer 12

An NGO which allows facilitated negotiation and diplomacy to prevent conflict throughout Africa.

Question 13

EU?

Answer 13

An economic and political union of 27 member states, providing a common identity and raises standards of living, making conflict less likely.

Question 14

ANZUS?

Answer 14

A trilateral security organisation between USA, NZ, and Australia to help monitor the Pacific.

Question 15

UN?

Answer 15

Maintains international peace and security. Helps to deliver humanitarian aid and protect rights. Has 5 permanent security council members who can make world changing decisions.

Question 16

Role of African Union? What has it moved towards? Why is PSO needed? Examples of involvement? Who does it work with and why?

Answer 16

=> A continental union of the 55 member states located in Africa.
=> It has seen an evolution of its military defence force, and makes use of PSO for rapid responses to conflicts.
=> PSO is mandated to use force to help stabilise and prevent escalation, working with armed forces to prevent mass atrocities. —> E.G: Against Boko Haram.
=> Currently oversees ten operations with regional partners, largest being in Somalia.
=> Also works with ACCORD to bring creative solutions to challenges.

Question 17

What are the 7 ways the UN creates a global framework to manage conflict?

Answer 17

=> The UN Charter: Signed by all to uphold sovereignty/ territorial integrity to help maintain peace and security.
=> Security Council: Can make binding decisions on members of the UN. Able to use enforcement measures to keep peace e.g sanctions.
=> General Assembly: NOT BINDING BUT all member states are able to express views and find consensus in difficult situations.
=> Diplomats, Observers, Special Envoys: Cost effective solution. Preventative diplomacy and mediation used to prevent.
=> Treaties: Charter + 560 Multilateral treaties. Once ratified, brings a treaty into law.
=> ICC, ICJ, PCA: ICC= For war crimes / ICJ= For territorial disputes / PCA= Offers various services.
=> Rule Of Law: UN supports this to help build a good and strong governance in fragile states.

Question 18

3 examples of UN Diplomacy?

Answer 18

=> Use of peacekeepers and peace builders: PK= Maintain peace and security. Protects citizens and rights. Tackles conflict e.g disarmament. PB= Assisting countries emerging from conflict, aims to reduce relapse into conflict. Lays foundation for peace and development.
=> Managing global commons: E.g UNCLOS (Laws of the Sea).
=> Managing Inequality: E.g WHO, WFP (Food), UNDP (Development).