P & B: Kashmir (Sovereignty) Flashcards
When and why did Pakistan and India separate?
1947, after the collapse of the British Empire.
Why was it difficult to decide what state Kashmir should join?
=> Kashmir is a princely state, lead by a Hindu Maharaja.
=> But the majority of the population is Muslim.
When and how did Pakistan put pressure on Kashmir?
=> In 1947, Pakistan invaded Kashmir to put pressure on the Maharaja.
=> And thus Kasmir turns to India for help.
=> India agrees to help, as long as Kashmir agree to become part of India. Kashmir is still allowed to keep autonomy according to Article 370 of the Accession Treaty.
What years did India and Pakistan fight over Kashmir?
After 1947, the two states continued to fight in 1967, 1971, and 1999.
Reaction of India to attacks by Pakistan?
=> Up to 1990, there had been 2,000 acts of terror on India by Pakistan. This strengthens India’s resolve to not let Kashmir fall to Pakistan, and also raises the sentiment of Hindu nationalism and Islamophobia. (Attacks had been on villages and such).
=> Has placed 2/3rds of their army along the line of control.
Indian interference in Indian-Administered Kashmir?
=> Modi elected as PM. He wishes to claim the whole of Jashmir and Kashmir.
=> In 2022, Modi tore up article 370, which had allowed autonomy in the region.
=> The region faces many riots and is increasingly militant, becoming a police state. There is 1 police officer per 4 citizens.
=> Curfews have been implemented and there has been an internet blackout since 2022.
=> Since the treaty has been disregarded, Hindus have becoming increasingly involved, and now can partake in local government and buy property; thus dilutes Muslim majority.
What agreement has been made between China and Pakistan?
+ Part of?
+ Time so far?
+ What is being made?
C-PEC agreement, which is an economic corridor between the two countries.
+ BRI
+ 10 years so far
+ Involves construction of railways, highways and port facilities.
Name some potential purposes of the BRI?
=> To show power/ take power from the USA, regional influence and control over infrastructure. No longer have to depend on stricter requirements of the US to borrow.
=> To control trade and facilities
International intervention to Pakistan-Indian conflict over Kashmir?
UN has made a ‘line of control’ and divided between Pakistan administered regions and Indian administered regions. However, this is not a physical barrier and has not stopped fighting.
