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Anatomy and Physiology of Speech Mechanism > Supralaryngeal Anatomy > Flashcards

Supralaryngeal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the primary purpose of the supralaryngeal system in speech production?

A

It’s the resonator (shapes vibration)!!

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2
Q

What are the single and paired groupings of the cranial bones?

A

SINGLE:
Frontal
Occipital
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

PAIRED:
Temporal
Parietal

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3
Q

What are the different facial bones?

A

SINGLE:
Mandible

PAIRED:
Nasal
Maxilla
Palatine
Zygomatic

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4
Q

What are the landmarks of the mandible?

A

Mental protuberance
Angle
Ramus
Coronoid Process
Condylar Process

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5
Q

What structures involved in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

A

condylar process of mandible
temporal bone

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6
Q

Components of the oral cavity?

A

Hard Palate
Soft Palate

Anterior faucial pillar (palatoglossal arch)

Posterior faucial pillar (palatopharyngeal arch)

Tongue
Uvula
Palatine tonsil

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7
Q

Divisions of the nasal cavity, superior to inferior?

A

nasopharyx (choanae to soft palate)

oropharynx (soft palate to base of tongue)

laryngopharnyx (epiglottis to inferior border of cricoid)

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8
Q

Our working definition of the articulation?

A

the changing shape of the vocal tract

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9
Q

What factors in speech articulation does changing vocal tract shape result in?

A
  1. PSI built up
  2. Turbulence
  3. Resonance
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10
Q

What’s functional matrix theory?

A

bone grows (including facial bones) in response to force exerted on it

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11
Q

Biggest differences between bebe and adult vocal tract shapes?

A

Baby has
1. tongue, pharynx, and soft palate all ‘smushed together”

  1. the Larynx is waay higher up
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12
Q

What are the cranial nerves implicated during speech?

A

CN V = Trigeminal
CN VII = Facial
CN IX = Glossopharyngeal
CN X = Vagus
CN XI = Accessory
CN XII = Hypoglossal

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13
Q

What are the only two speech cranial nerves that provide only movement?

A

CN XI = Accessory (M)

CN XII = Hypoglossal (M)

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14
Q

Gimme the functions of the CN V

A

(Trigeminal Nerve)

MOTOR:
mastication!

SENSORY:
sensation of face scalp, oral nasal membranes, teeth, tympanic membranes and anterior 2/3 tongue

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15
Q

Gimme functions of CN VII

A

(Facial Nerve)

MOTOR:
facial muscles!
salivary glands
lacrimal glands

SENSORY:
sensation from skin behind ear
taaste from anterior 2/3 tongue

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16
Q

Functions of the CN IX?

A

(Glossopharyngeal Nerve)

MOTOR:
stylopharyngeus

SENSORY:
1. sensation from posterior 1/3 tongue
2. taste from posterior 1/3 tongue
3 carotic body (blood chemistry) and carotid sinus (blood psi)

17
Q

What are the functions of the CN X?

A

(Vagus Nerve)

MOTOR:
1. velopharyngeal muscles, pharyngeal muscles, laryngeal muscles

  1. cardiac muscles
  2. thoracic + abdominal viscera

SENSORY:
1. laryngeal, tracheal, esophogeal sensation
2. thoracic and abdominal viscera sensation
3. external parts of ear

18
Q

What are the functions of CN XI?

A

(Accessory Nerve)

MOTOR:
Cranial Branch = pharnygeal plexus

Spinal Branch = SCM and traps

19
Q

What is the pharyngeal plexus?

A

grouping of cranial nerve X and cranial nerve XI

–> for pharyngeal innervation

20
Q

What’s the function of CN XII?

A

(Hypoglossal Nerve)

MOTOR:
move that tongue (all muscles except one)

21
Q

What structure closes off the velopharyngeal port?

A

the velum !

22
Q

What’s the velopharyngeal port?

A

The opening between the oropharynx and nasopharynx

23
Q

What are the muscles involved in closing the velum?

A

levator veli palatini
tensor veli palatini
musculus uvulae

palatoglossus
palatopharyngeus

24
Q

What are the innervations of the velar-closure muscles?

A

Levator veli palatini = CNX + CNXI

Tensor veli palatini = CNV

Musculus uvulae = CNX + CNXI

Palatoglossus = CNX + CNXI

Palatopharyngeus = CNX + CNXI

25
Q

Points of attachment of levator veli palatini?

A

temporal bone/eustachian tube

+

palatine aponeurosis

26
Q

Points of attachment of tensor veli palatini?

A

sphenoid bone/eustachian tube

+

palatine aponeurosis

27
Q

Points of attachment of musculus uvulae?

A

uvula

+

palatine aponeurosis

28
Q

Points of attachment of the palatoglossus?

A

midline of soft palate

+

side of tongue

29
Q

Points of attachment of palatopharyngeus?

A

hard palate and palatine aponeurosis

+

pharyngeal wall

30
Q

function of palatopharyngeus?

A

depress and tense velum

elevate and widen pharynx

31
Q

function of palatoglossus?

A

depress the velum

32
Q

function of the musculus uvulae?

A

shorten and pull up uvula

33
Q

function of the tensor vili palatini?

A

open eustachian tube

tense velum

34
Q

function of the levator tensi palatini?

A

elevate the velum

35
Q

What are the different VP closure patterns?

A

coronal = A-P velar movement

Circular = velar and lateral wall movement

Circular w/ Passavant’s Ridge = circular + ant movement of posterior pharyngeal wall

Sagittal = only lat wall movement

Anatomy and Physiology of Speech Mechanism (6 decks)

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