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Anatomy and Physiology of Speech Mechanism > Laryngeal Anatomy > Flashcards

Laryngeal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the larynx?

A

superior - hyoid bone
inferior - trachea
posterior - pharynx

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2
Q

List out the cartilage of the larynx

A

single
epliglottis
thyroid
cricoid

paired
arytenoid
corniculate
cuneiform

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3
Q

what kind of cartilage is in the larynx?

A

hyaline cartilage

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4
Q

give me three properties of hyaline cartilage

A
  1. large amt of collagen
  2. poor blood supply
  3. !!! gets calcified with age
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5
Q

what attaches the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone?

A

the thyrohyoid membrane

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6
Q

What are the landmark features of the thyroid cartilage?

A

superior cornu
lamina
laryngeal prominence (adams apple)
thyroid notch
thyroid angle
inferior cornu

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7
Q

how is the epiglottis attached to the thyroid?

A

via the thyroepiglottic ligament

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8
Q

how is the epiglottis attached to the hyoid?

A

via the hyoepligottic ligament

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9
Q

what are the two main features of the epiglottis?

A

the lingual and laryngeal surface

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10
Q

what structure attaches the cricoid to the thyroid?

A

the median cricothyroid ligament

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11
Q

what structure attaches the cricoid cartilage to the trachea?

A

the cricotracheal membrance

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12
Q

two main features of the cricoid?

A

cricoid arch (anterior)

cricoid lamina (posterior)

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13
Q

what ligament assists cricoid-thyroid movement?

A

the anterior and posterior cricothyroid ligaments

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14
Q

where do the cuneiform cartilages sit?

A

on the aryepiglottic folds

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15
Q

what two joints are located on the cricoid?

A

the cricothyroid joint (clicks on bottom)

the cricoarytenoid joint (clicks on top)

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16
Q

Provide three characteristics of vocal folds when adducted

A
  1. protects airway
  2. expends energy
  3. allows speech production
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17
Q

what is the region called that forms the collar-lining of the larynx?

A

the laryngeal aditus

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18
Q

what are the major spaces of larynx, from superior to inferior?

A

larygneal vestibule

and laryngeal ventricle

(and glottis)

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19
Q

what are the two types of glottis around arytenoid and thyroid cartilages?

(and their percentages)

A

cartilaginous glottis (40%)

membranous glottis (60%)

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20
Q

What nerve supplies the larynx?

A

cranial nerve x (vagus)

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21
Q

What are the two nerve branches that supply the larynx?

A

the superior laryngeal nerve

and recurrent laryngeal nerve

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22
Q

What are the two subdivisions of superior laryngeal nerve and function?

A

internal = sensory (base of tongue to vocal folds)

external = motor (JUST cricothyroid muscle)

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23
Q

what are the two main functions of the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

motor (ALL intrinsic muscles EXCEPT cricothyroid)

sensory (vocal folds and below)

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24
Q

what structure does the RIGHT recurrent nerve initially hook under?

A

the right subclavian artery

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25
Q

what structure does the LEFT recurrent nerve initially hook under

A

the aortic arch

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26
Q

What are the major intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

thyroarytenoid muscles

LAT cricoarytenoid muscles

interarytenoid muscles (oblique+transverse)

POST cricoarytenoid muscles

cricothyroid muscles

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27
Q

What are the main functions of the thyroarytenoid muscles?

A
  1. increases tension (w/o changing its length)
  2. shortens the vocal folds
  3. adducts the vocal folds
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28
Q

what is the innervation of the thyroarytenoid muscles?

A

the recurrent laryngeal nerve

29
Q

what are the attachments of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscles?

A

upper lateral arch of cricoid

anter surface of muscular process of arytenoid

30
Q

what is the function of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscles?

A
  1. only vocal fold adduction
31
Q

What are the attachments of the transverse interarytenoid muscles?

A

apex to base of 1st arytenoid

to

apex to base of 2nd arytenoid

32
Q

What is the function of the transverse interarytenoid muscles?

A
  1. only vocal fold adduction
33
Q

What is the attachment for the oblique interarytenoid muscles?

A

apex of arytenoid 1

to

base of arytenoid 2

34
Q

What are the main functions of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles?

A
  1. vocal fold abduction
  2. permits rocking
35
Q

What are the points of attachment for the cricothyroid muscles?

A

cricoid arch and

caudal margin of thyroid cartilage

36
Q

What’s the only intrinsic muscle that the superior laryngeal branch innvervates?

A

the cricothyroid muscle

37
Q

what that cricothyroid muscle do?

A
  1. lengthen and tense vocal folds
38
Q

What attachment conditions would classify a muscle as “extrinsic laryngeal”

A

one attachment INSIDE larynx

one attachment OUTSIDE larynx

39
Q

What are the functions of the thyrohyoid muscle?

A
  1. depress hyoid
  2. elevate whole larynx
40
Q

what are the innervations of the thyrohyoid muscle?

A

cervical nerve 1

41
Q

what is the functions of the sternothyroid muscle?

A
  1. depress the whole larynx
42
Q

what are the innervations of the sternothyroid muscle

A

cervical nerves 1-3

43
Q

What are the main suprahyoid muscles?

A

the digastric muscles (anterior and posterior bellies)

the stylohyoid muscle

the mylohyoid muscle

the geniohyoid muscle

44
Q

What are the attachments of the anterior digastric muscle?

A

mandible
intermediate tendon of hyoid bone

45
Q

Function of the anterior digastic?

A

moves hyoid upwards and forwards

46
Q

Innervation of the anterior digastric muscle?

A

cranial nerve 5 (trigeminal)

47
Q

Attachments of the posterior digastric muscle?

A

mastoid process
intermediate tendon of hyoid

48
Q

function of the posterior suprahyoid muscle?

A

move hyoid upwards and backwards

49
Q

innervation of the posterior suprahyoid muscle?

A

cranial nerve 7 (facial)

50
Q

function of stylohyoid muscle?

A

move hyoid upwards and backwards

51
Q

attachments of stylohyoid muscle?

A

body of hyoid
styloid process

52
Q

innervation of stylohyoid muscle?

A

cranial nerve 7 (facial)

53
Q

function of mylohyoid muscle?

A

moves hyoid upwards and forwards

54
Q

attachments of mylohyoid muscle?

A

hyoid bone
interior edge of mandible
midline raphe

55
Q

what is the innervation of the mylohyoid muscle?

A

cranial nerve fiiivee (five is a chive)

56
Q

what is the function of the geniohyoid muscle?

A

hyoid goes upwards and forwards

57
Q

attachment of geniohyoid muscles?

A

middle of the mandible

hyoid

58
Q

innervation of geniohyoid muscle?

A

cervical nerve 1

59
Q

what are the infrahyoid muscles?

A

sternohyoid muscle
omohyoid muscle

60
Q

what are the attachments of the sternohyoid muscle?

A

manubrium
hyoid bone

61
Q

what is the function of the sternohyoid muscle?

A

move hyoid downwards

62
Q

what is the innervation of the sternohyoid muscle?

A

cervical nerve 1-3

63
Q

what is the attachments of the omohyoid muscle?

A

hyoid bone to intermediate tendon (anterior belly)

intermediate tendon to scapula

64
Q

what is the function of the omohyoid muscle?

A

move hyoid downwards AND backwards

65
Q

what is the innervation of the omohyoid muscle?

A

cervical nerves 1-3

66
Q

main functions of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles?

A
  1. change shape of the glottis
67
Q

main functions of the extrinsic laryngeal muscles?

A
  1. support and stabilize the larynx
  2. change larynx position in neck
68
Q

main functions of the suprahyoid muscles?

A
  1. elevate the hyoid/larynx
69
Q

main functions of the infrahyoid muscles?

A
  1. depress the hyoid/larynx

Anatomy and Physiology of Speech Mechanism (6 decks)

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