Laryngeal Anatomy

Question 1

What are the borders of the larynx?

Answer 1

superior - hyoid bone
inferior - trachea
posterior - pharynx

Question 2

List out the cartilage of the larynx

Answer 2

single
epliglottis
thyroid
cricoid

paired
arytenoid
corniculate
cuneiform

Question 3

what kind of cartilage is in the larynx?

Answer 3

hyaline cartilage

Question 4

give me three properties of hyaline cartilage

Answer 4

1. large amt of collagen
2. poor blood supply
3. !!! gets calcified with age

Question 5

what attaches the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone?

Answer 5

the thyrohyoid membrane

Question 6

What are the landmark features of the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 6

superior cornu
lamina
laryngeal prominence (adams apple)
thyroid notch
thyroid angle
inferior cornu

Question 7

how is the epiglottis attached to the thyroid?

Answer 7

via the thyroepiglottic ligament

Question 8

how is the epiglottis attached to the hyoid?

Answer 8

via the hyoepligottic ligament

Question 9

what are the two main features of the epiglottis?

Answer 9

the lingual and laryngeal surface

Question 10

what structure attaches the cricoid to the thyroid?

Answer 10

the median cricothyroid ligament

Question 11

what structure attaches the cricoid cartilage to the trachea?

Answer 11

the cricotracheal membrance

Question 12

two main features of the cricoid?

Answer 12

cricoid arch (anterior)

cricoid lamina (posterior)

Question 13

what ligament assists cricoid-thyroid movement?

Answer 13

the anterior and posterior cricothyroid ligaments

Question 14

where do the cuneiform cartilages sit?

Answer 14

on the aryepiglottic folds

Question 15

what two joints are located on the cricoid?

Answer 15

the cricothyroid joint (clicks on bottom)

the cricoarytenoid joint (clicks on top)

Question 16

Provide three characteristics of vocal folds when adducted

Answer 16

1. protects airway
2. expends energy
3. allows speech production

Question 17

what is the region called that forms the collar-lining of the larynx?

Answer 17

the laryngeal aditus

Question 18

what are the major spaces of larynx, from superior to inferior?

Answer 18

larygneal vestibule

and laryngeal ventricle

(and glottis)

Question 19

what are the two types of glottis around arytenoid and thyroid cartilages?

(and their percentages)

Answer 19

cartilaginous glottis (40%)

membranous glottis (60%)

Question 20

What nerve supplies the larynx?

Answer 20

cranial nerve x (vagus)

Question 21

What are the two nerve branches that supply the larynx?

Answer 21

the superior laryngeal nerve

and recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 22

What are the two subdivisions of superior laryngeal nerve and function?

Answer 22

internal = sensory (base of tongue to vocal folds)

external = motor (JUST cricothyroid muscle)

Question 23

what are the two main functions of the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Answer 23

motor (ALL intrinsic muscles EXCEPT cricothyroid)

sensory (vocal folds and below)

Question 24

what structure does the RIGHT recurrent nerve initially hook under?

Answer 24

the right subclavian artery

Question 25

what structure does the LEFT recurrent nerve initially hook under

Answer 25

the aortic arch

Question 26

What are the major intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 26

thyroarytenoid muscles LAT cricoarytenoid muscles interarytenoid muscles (oblique+transverse) POST cricoarytenoid muscles cricothyroid muscles

Question 27

What are the main functions of the thyroarytenoid muscles?

Answer 27

1. increases tension (w/o changing its length) 2. shortens the vocal folds 3. adducts the vocal folds

Question 28

what is the innervation of the thyroarytenoid muscles?

Answer 28

the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 29

what are the attachments of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscles?

Answer 29

upper lateral arch of cricoid anter surface of muscular process of arytenoid

Question 30

what is the function of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscles?

Answer 30

1. only vocal fold adduction

Question 31

What are the attachments of the transverse interarytenoid muscles?

Answer 31

apex to base of 1st arytenoid to apex to base of 2nd arytenoid

Question 32

What is the function of the transverse interarytenoid muscles?

Answer 32

1. only vocal fold adduction

Question 33

What is the attachment for the oblique interarytenoid muscles?

Answer 33

apex of arytenoid 1 to base of arytenoid 2

Question 34

What are the main functions of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles?

Answer 34

1. vocal fold abduction 2. permits rocking

Question 35

What are the points of attachment for the cricothyroid muscles?

Answer 35

cricoid arch and caudal margin of thyroid cartilage

Question 36

What's the only intrinsic muscle that the superior laryngeal branch innvervates?

Answer 36

the cricothyroid muscle

Question 37

what that cricothyroid muscle do?

Answer 37

1. lengthen and tense vocal folds

Question 38

What attachment conditions would classify a muscle as "extrinsic laryngeal"

Answer 38

one attachment INSIDE larynx one attachment OUTSIDE larynx

Question 39

What are the functions of the thyrohyoid muscle?

Answer 39

1. depress hyoid 2. elevate whole larynx

Question 40

what are the innervations of the thyrohyoid muscle?

Answer 40

cervical nerve 1

Question 41

what is the functions of the sternothyroid muscle?

Answer 41

1. depress the whole larynx

Question 42

what are the innervations of the sternothyroid muscle

Answer 42

cervical nerves 1-3

Question 43

What are the main suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 43

the digastric muscles (anterior and posterior bellies) the stylohyoid muscle the mylohyoid muscle the geniohyoid muscle

Question 44

What are the attachments of the anterior digastric muscle?

Answer 44

mandible intermediate tendon of hyoid bone

Question 45

Function of the anterior digastic?

Answer 45

moves hyoid upwards and forwards

Question 46

Innervation of the anterior digastric muscle?

Answer 46

cranial nerve 5 (trigeminal)

Question 47

Attachments of the posterior digastric muscle?

Answer 47

mastoid process intermediate tendon of hyoid

Question 48

function of the posterior suprahyoid muscle?

Answer 48

move hyoid upwards and backwards

Question 49

innervation of the posterior suprahyoid muscle?

Answer 49

cranial nerve 7 (facial)

Question 50

function of stylohyoid muscle?

Answer 50

move hyoid upwards and backwards

Question 51

attachments of stylohyoid muscle?

Answer 51

body of hyoid styloid process

Question 52

innervation of stylohyoid muscle?

Answer 52

cranial nerve 7 (facial)

Question 53

function of mylohyoid muscle?

Answer 53

moves hyoid upwards and forwards

Question 54

attachments of mylohyoid muscle?

Answer 54

hyoid bone interior edge of mandible midline raphe

Question 55

what is the innervation of the mylohyoid muscle?

Answer 55

cranial nerve fiiivee (five is a chive)

Question 56

what is the function of the geniohyoid muscle?

Answer 56

hyoid goes upwards and forwards

Question 57

attachment of geniohyoid muscles?

Answer 57

middle of the mandible hyoid

Question 58

innervation of geniohyoid muscle?

Answer 58

cervical nerve 1

Question 59

what are the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 59

sternohyoid muscle omohyoid muscle

Question 60

what are the attachments of the sternohyoid muscle?

Answer 60

manubrium hyoid bone

Question 61

what is the function of the sternohyoid muscle?

Answer 61

move hyoid downwards

Question 62

what is the innervation of the sternohyoid muscle?

Answer 62

cervical nerve 1-3

Question 63

what is the attachments of the omohyoid muscle?

Answer 63

hyoid bone to intermediate tendon (anterior belly) intermediate tendon to scapula

Question 64

what is the function of the omohyoid muscle?

Answer 64

move hyoid downwards AND backwards

Question 65

what is the innervation of the omohyoid muscle?

Answer 65

cervical nerves 1-3

Question 66

main functions of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles?

Answer 66

1. change shape of the glottis

Question 67

main functions of the extrinsic laryngeal muscles?

Answer 67

1. support and stabilize the larynx 2. change larynx position in neck

Question 68

main functions of the suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 68

1. elevate the hyoid/larynx

Question 69

main functions of the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 69

1. depress the hyoid/larynx