Fundamental Frequency Flashcards
What are the three main variables of fundamental frequency?
Mass: heavier means slower vibration
Length: longer means faster vibration
Stiffness: stiffer means faster vibration
What are the primary mechanisms of changing fundamental frequency?
cricothyroid contraction
thyroarytenoid contraction
How does cricothyroid contraction change fundamental frequency?
INCREASE F0: increases stiffness, maintains length, decreases thickness
How does thyroarytenoid contraction change fundamental frequency?
INCREASE F0: increase stiffness, neutral length, neutral thickness
DECREASE F0: neutral-decreased stiffness, increase length, increase thickness
What are the secondary mechanisms for adjusting fundamental frequency?
laryngeal elevation (thyrohyoid)
laryngeal depression (sternohyoid + sternothyroid)
Yo what accounts for normative fundamental frequency differences between sex groups?
the size of the vocal folds
(male = thicker, longer)
(female = less thicker, less longer)
(nietos = thiiin, sort of short)
What is our working definition of vocal intensity?
the amount of pressure exerted by a sound wave (different from ‘air pressure’)
What is the measurement of vocal intensity called? And what units is it measured in?
the sound pressure level
measured in decibels (dB)
Present an argument why increasing subglottal pressure (Ps) will increase vocal intensity?
- Greater Ps will push apart the vocal folds with greater force
- The vocal folds will face greater lateral excursion
- Greater distortion means greater recoil force
- The vocal folds will ‘snap-back’ much more harder, with much more energy
Give me an argument for why increasing the stiffness of vocal folds will tend to increase vocal intensity?
- increasing vocal fold stiffness will increase vocal fold resistance
- increasing resistance will force Ps to increase (should we want vocal production)
- increasing Ps will always increase vocal intensity
Why will over-abducting or over-adducting the vocal folds result in a decreased vocal intensity?
- over-adduction or over-abduction results in irregular vibratory pattern
- This should result in decreased power
How would you increase vocal intensity through changes at an above-glottis level?
elevate velum
open mouth
lower tongue
(in a nutshell, open up the vocal tract)
What is our working definition of a vocal register?
a perceptually distinct range of frequencies and intensities
What are the three registers in normal speaking voice?
- Loft (falsetto)
- Modal (chest)
- Pulse (glottal fry)
What are the three main characteristics for modal register?
- full length of vocal folds used in vibration (full lateral excursion)
- vertical phase vibration
- 1:1 ratio of open-time:close-time
What are the property differences within the loft register?
Stiffness: VERY STIFF
Ps: Moderately higher
Length: super longer
Airflow: moderately higher
Thickness: much thinner
+breathy quality
+ quieter quality
What are the property differences within the modal register?
Stiffness: moderate
Ps: moderate
Length: moderate
Airflow: moderate
Thickness: moderate
What are the two main characteristics of the loft register?
- cricothyroid contraction means increased stiffness –> minimal lateral excursion
- poor vertical phase difference
Main distinguishing feature of the pulse reigster?
- longer close time to open time ratio
What are the property characteristics within the pulse register?
Stiffness: slack
Ps: moderate-to-low
Length: short
Airflow: moderate-to-low
Thickness: thicc
What are the three ingredients to a happy, healthy vocal quality?
laryngeal anatomy
shape of vocal tract
learned components
Physical quality that allows whispering?
vocal folds take on a Y-shaped opening –> allows turbulent airflow
Physical quality that gives rise to pressed phonation (strained voice)?
overadduction of the vocal folds
physical quality that gives rise to a breathy voice?
an incomplete closure along the folds
