Supplements and Nutrition Flashcards
1
Q
B vitamins
A
- B1: thiamine
- B2: riboflavin
- B3: niacin
- B5: pantothenic acid
- B6
- B7: biotin
- B9
- folate: natural
- folic acid: man-made
- B12
2
Q
sources of vitamin B12
A
- sardines
- salmon
- venison
- lamb
- beef
- shrimp
- halibut
- scallops
- fruit-free yogurt
- milk
3
Q
iron supplement
A
- indication: prevent or correct iron deficiency and related anemia
- complications
- sulfate: teeth staining
- dextran
- skin staining (IM)
- anaphylaxis (IV safer than IM)
- hypotension → circulatory collapse
- GI distress: nausea, constipation, heartburn
- fatal toxicity in children: 2-10 g ingested
4
Q
vitamin B12 absorption
A
- requires intrinsic factor
- intrinsic factor produced in stomach
- some bariatric surgeries require lifelong IM injections
5
Q
iron sulfate (Feosol, Feratab)
A
- PO only
- indication: prevent or correct iron-deficiency anemia
- trade name: Feosol, Feratab
- class: mineral supplements, antianemics
6
Q
iron dextran (InFeD)
A
- IM, IV
- indication: prevent, correct iron deficiency in patients who cannot tolerate or receive oral iron
- trade name: InFeD
- class: mineral supplement, antianemic
7
Q
vitamin B12 action
A
- crucial to normal ftn of nervous system
- involved in formation of RBCs
- helps create and regulate DNA
- metabolism: fatty acid synthesis and energy production
8
Q
vitamin B12 admin
A
- get baseline levels
- B12
- Hgb
- Hct
- RBC
- reticulocyte
- folate
- monitor for s/sx of deficiency
- beefy red tongue
- pallor
- neuropathy
9
Q
folic acid, folate action
A
- essential in production of RBCs, WBCs, DNA
- DNA repair
- prevent neural tube defects in early pregnancy
- memory and mental agility
- controls allergic responses
- fertility
- protects against RA, macular degeneration, atherosclerosis (regulates homocysteine)
- Tx of
- malabsorption syndrome
- megaloblastic anemia
- deficiency 2/2 alcohol use disorder
10
Q
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE indications
A
- indications: Tx/prevention of hypokalemia
- supplement with K+-depleting meds
- excessive vomiting, diarrhea
- abuse of laxatives
- intestinal drainage
- GI fistula
11
Q
KCl supplementation complications, interventions
A
- GI distress and ulceration
- N&V
- diarrhea
- abd pain
- esophagitis
- hyperkalemia: monitor for s/sx
- ***
12
Q
contraindications for KCl supplementation
A
- severe kidney dz
- hypoaldosteronism
- those taking spironolactone (K+-sparing diuretic) and ACE inhibitors (lisinopril)
13
Q
KCl admin
A
- oral: dilute and ingest slowly
- NEVER crush or chew extended-release tabs
- NEVER IV bolus or rapid infuse (→ fatal hyperkalemia)
- dilute IV as instructed, give slowly
- may need cardiac monitoring
- watch IV site for infiltration
- monitor I&O
14
Q
magnesium sulfate complications and interventions
A
- toxicity
- BP ↓
- UOP ↓
- respirations < 12
- patella reflex absent
- muscle weakness
- flaccid paralysis
- painful muscle contraction
- suppression of AV conduction in heart
- respiratory depression
- interventions
- IV admin: cardiac and neuromuscular monitoring
- monitor blood Mg levels
- have IV Ca++ available to reverse effects
- diarrhea
15
Q
magnesium hydroxide
A
- PO
- action
- activates intracellular enzymes
- binds messenger RNA to ribosomes
- important for bone structure
- involved
- skeletal muscle contraction
- blood coagulation
- indications
- laxative
- hypomagnesemia
17
Q
aloe vera
A
- topical antimicrobial
- anti-inflammatory analgesic
- cathartic
- uses: burns, skin softener, laxative
- interactions
- digoxin
- diuretics
- corticosteroids
- antidysrhythmics
- complications
- allergy
- fluid-electrolyte imbalance (as laxative)
- ↑ menstrual flow
- contra/caution: kidney dysfunction
