Supplements and Nutrition Flashcards
1
Q
B vitamins
A
- B1: thiamine
- B2: riboflavin
- B3: niacin
- B5: pantothenic acid
- B6
- B7: biotin
- B9
- folate: natural
- folic acid: man-made
- B12
2
Q
sources of vitamin B12
A
- sardines
- salmon
- venison
- lamb
- beef
- shrimp
- halibut
- scallops
- fruit-free yogurt
- milk
3
Q
iron supplement
A
- indication: prevent or correct iron deficiency and related anemia
- complications
- sulfate: teeth staining
- dextran
- skin staining (IM)
- anaphylaxis (IV safer than IM)
- hypotension → circulatory collapse
- GI distress: nausea, constipation, heartburn
- fatal toxicity in children: 2-10 g ingested
4
Q
vitamin B12 absorption
A
- requires intrinsic factor
- intrinsic factor produced in stomach
- some bariatric surgeries require lifelong IM injections
5
Q
iron sulfate (Feosol, Feratab)
A
- PO only
- indication: prevent or correct iron-deficiency anemia
- trade name: Feosol, Feratab
- class: mineral supplements, antianemics
6
Q
iron dextran (InFeD)
A
- IM, IV
- indication: prevent, correct iron deficiency in patients who cannot tolerate or receive oral iron
- trade name: InFeD
- class: mineral supplement, antianemic
7
Q
vitamin B12 action
A
- crucial to normal ftn of nervous system
- involved in formation of RBCs
- helps create and regulate DNA
- metabolism: fatty acid synthesis and energy production
8
Q
vitamin B12 admin
A
- get baseline levels
- B12
- Hgb
- Hct
- RBC
- reticulocyte
- folate
- monitor for s/sx of deficiency
- beefy red tongue
- pallor
- neuropathy
9
Q
folic acid, folate action
A
- essential in production of RBCs, WBCs, DNA
- DNA repair
- prevent neural tube defects in early pregnancy
- memory and mental agility
- controls allergic responses
- fertility
- protects against RA, macular degeneration, atherosclerosis (regulates homocysteine)
- Tx of
- malabsorption syndrome
- megaloblastic anemia
- deficiency 2/2 alcohol use disorder
10
Q
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE indications
A
- indications: Tx/prevention of hypokalemia
- supplement with K+-depleting meds
- excessive vomiting, diarrhea
- abuse of laxatives
- intestinal drainage
- GI fistula
11
Q
KCl supplementation complications, interventions
A
- GI distress and ulceration
- N&V
- diarrhea
- abd pain
- esophagitis
- hyperkalemia: monitor for s/sx
- ***
12
Q
contraindications for KCl supplementation
A
- severe kidney dz
- hypoaldosteronism
- those taking spironolactone (K+-sparing diuretic) and ACE inhibitors (lisinopril)
13
Q
KCl admin
A
- oral: dilute and ingest slowly
- NEVER crush or chew extended-release tabs
- NEVER IV bolus or rapid infuse (→ fatal hyperkalemia)
- dilute IV as instructed, give slowly
- may need cardiac monitoring
- watch IV site for infiltration
- monitor I&O
14
Q
magnesium sulfate complications and interventions
A
- toxicity
- BP ↓
- UOP ↓
- respirations < 12
- patella reflex absent
- muscle weakness
- flaccid paralysis
- painful muscle contraction
- suppression of AV conduction in heart
- respiratory depression
- interventions
- IV admin: cardiac and neuromuscular monitoring
- monitor blood Mg levels
- have IV Ca++ available to reverse effects
- diarrhea
15
Q
magnesium hydroxide
A
- PO
- action
- activates intracellular enzymes
- binds messenger RNA to ribosomes
- important for bone structure
- involved
- skeletal muscle contraction
- blood coagulation
- indications
- laxative
- hypomagnesemia
16
Q
magnesium sulfate indications
A
- Tx/prevention: hypomagnesemia
- HTN
- prevention of sz 2/2 severe eclampsia, pre-eclampsia, or acute nephritis
- off-label
- preterm labor
- torsade de pointes
- adjunct: bronchodilation in moderate to severe acute asthma
17
Q
aloe vera
A
- topical antimicrobial
- anti-inflammatory analgesic
- cathartic
- uses: burns, skin softener, laxative
- interactions
- digoxin
- diuretics
- corticosteroids
- antidysrhythmics
- complications
- allergy
- fluid-electrolyte imbalance (as laxative)
- ↑ menstrual flow
- contra/caution: kidney dysfunction
18
Q
black cohosh
A
- estrogen substitute
- use: Sx of menopause
- SE
- GI distress
- headaches
- rash
- wt gain
- lightheadedness
- contra/caution: first two trimesters of pregnancy
- lack of info on long-term use: > 6 mo
- interactions
- ↑ effects of anti-HTN, estrogen meds
- ↑ hypoglycemic effect of DM meds
19
Q
echinacea
A
- oral
- ↑ T-cell, tumor necrosis factor, interferon production
- may treat viruses
- topical: burns, wounds, skin disorders
- SE
- mild GI distress
- fever
- bitter taste
- dizziness, fatigue, somnolence
- allergy (r/t with ragweed, daisy allergies)
- interactions
- chronic use: ↓ effect of TB, HIV, or Ca meds
- ↑ risk of hepatotoxicity with methotrexate, ketoconazole
- ↑ availability of medazolam
20
Q
feverfew
A
- Tx of
- fever
- migraine
- RA
- stomachache
- toothache
- insect bites
- infertility
- dysmenorrhea
- ↑ labor during childbirth
- SE
- mild GI distress
- post-syndrome: agitation, insomnia, headache, joint discomfort, fatigue
- allergy: r/t ragweed/echinacea allergy
- ↑ risk of bleeding
- antiplatelet activity
- stop 2 wks before surgery
- could interact with NSAIDs, heparin, warfarin
21
Q
garlic
A
- ↓ LDL and triglyceride, ↑ HDL
- ↓ BP (vasodilator)
- ↓ platelet aggregation, ↓ coagulation
- SE
- GI distress
- risk of bleeding when taken with NSAIDs, heparin, warfarin
- ↑ hypoglycemic effects of DM meds
- ↓ levels of HIV med
22
Q
ginger root
A
- Tx
- vertigo
- nausea
- ↑ GI motility and mucus
- ↓ GI spasms
- morning sickness
- motion sickness
- ↓ inflammation (pain/stiffness of RA)
- SE: ↓ platelet aggregation
- caution
- pregnancy, ↑ dose = uterine spasm
- anticoagulant use
- DM meds
23
Q
ginkgo biloba
A
- Tx
- coldness, lethargy, restlessness
- headache
- insomnia
- memory, concentration, focus
- Alzheimer’s and Reynaud’s
- ↑ blood flow to brain, extremities
- glaucoma
- aphrodesiac
- SE
- mild GI distress
- headache
- lightheadedness
- ↑ risk of Sz
- ↑ risk of bleeding possible
- interact
- meds that lower Sz threshold: antihistamine, antidepressant, antipsychotic
- possibly anticoagulants
24
Q
glucosamine
A
- ↑ cartilage and synovial fluid production
- ↓ inflammation of joints and cartilage breakdown
- Tx for OA
- SE: mild GI upset
- caution
- shellfish allergy
- anticoagulant use
25
Q
kava kava
A
- AVOID
- Tx for: anxiety, muscle tension, insomnia
- MOA: possibly on GABA receptors (CNS)
- SE
- chronic or high dose: LIVER INJURY or SEVERE FAILURE, dry skin
- ↑ effect with ETOH, other CNS depressants
26
Q
ma huang
A
- uses
- wt loss, appetite suppressant
- colds, flu, allergies: bronchodilator
- SE
- high doses
- euphoria and psychosis: CNS stim
- HTN, dysrhythmia, death: contains ephedrine
- ↑ HR and BP: constricts arterioles
- high doses
- interact
- ↑ effect: CNS stims
- ↓ effects of antihypertensives
- SEVERE HTN: with MAOIs
27
Q
St. John’s Wort
A
- serotonin effects: mild antidepressant, pain reliever
- topical: antimicrobial effects
- other: capillary strengthening, decreasing uterine bleeding, and reducing tumor size
- contra: pregnancy
- caution
- children
- surgery (DC 2 wk prior)
- Alzheimer’s disease (possible psychosis)
- Hx of suicide attempt, severe depression, schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder (possible hypomania or psychosis)
- interact
- antidepressants
- oral contraceptives
- general anesthesia (CV collapse)
- antirejection meds
28
Q
saw palmetto
A
- use: BPH, sexual dysfunction (studies show ineffective)
- SE
- mild GI distress
- ↓ PSA
- Pregnancy Risk Category X
- interact: antiplatelets, anticoagulants
29
Q
valerian
A
- uses
- insomnia
- anxiety (↑ GABA)
- SE
- drowsiness
- depression
- lightheadedness
- contra: pregnancy, lactation; Hx of mental health issue
- caution: surgery (DC 2 wks prior), ETOH, children < 8 yr
- risk of physical dependence
30
Q
cannabis
A
- Schedule I
- qualifying conditions
- cachexia
- chemo N&V
- pain: CA, RA, fibromyalgia
- neuropathies: MS, AIDS/HIV, DM
- spasticity: MS, spinal cord injury
