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2020 Pharmacology I > PME Intro > Flashcards

PME Intro Flashcards

1
Q

An HCP is talking with a female pt taking captopril (Capoten), an ACE inhibitor, for hypertension. The HCP informs the pt that the drug is teratogenic. Teratogenic drugs can cause which of the following?

  • maternal bleeding
  • fetal malformation
  • gestational diabetes
  • maternal blood clots
A

fetal malformation

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2
Q

An HCP is talking to a pt about giving the correct dose of acetaminophen to the pt’s infant. The HCP explains infants can absorb certain drugs at different rates than adults. Which is a physiologic characteristic of infants that can alter drug absorption?

  • delayed gastric emptying
  • increased gastric acidity
  • increase first-pass effect
  • greater protein-binding capacity
A

delayed gastric emptying

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3
Q

When talking to a pt about naproxen (EC-Naprosyn), enteric-coated tablets, which info should the HCP include?

A

do not crush or chew

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4
Q

A pt is having difficulty remembering to take a prescribed drug TID. Which form should teh HCP recommend to increase adherence?

  • liquid suspension
  • immediate-release capsule
  • extended-release tablet
  • powder
A

extended-release

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5
Q

An HCP administers 2 units Regular insulin (Humulin R) to a pt by SC injection at 0700. The package insert states onset of action is 30-60 min, peak effect is 1-5 hrs, and duration of action is 6-10 hrs. The HCP should advise the pt to expect lowest blood glucose when?

  • 0700
  • 0730
  • 0900
  • 1300
A

0900

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6
Q

An HCP is talking about drugs with a small margin of safety to a pt who is taking phenytoin (Dilantin). The HCP should include which info? (Select all that apply.)

  • periodic lab tests are essential
  • monitor for toxicity signs
  • effects can decrease over time
  • taking the smallest effective dose is crucial
  • increase fluid intake to avoid toxicity
A
  • periodic lab tests essential
  • monitor for toxicity signs
  • taking smallest dose is crucial
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7
Q

An older adult pt with hypertension is prescribed enalapril (Vasotec), a drug eliminated by the kidneys. Before the pt begins the drug, the HCP should assess which blood value?

  • total cholesterol
  • serum creatinine
  • platelet count
  • C-reactive protein
A

serum creatinine

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8
Q

An HCP is preparing to admin a parenteral drug to a pt. which of the following is parenteral?

  • acetaminophen rectal suppository
  • albuterol inhaler
  • heparin SC injection
  • betaxolol eye drops
A

heparin SC injection

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9
Q

An HCP is prepping to explain how to take care of a new colostomy. the HCP should recognize that which of the following can decrease pt’s ability to learn? (Select all that apply.)

  • cognitive level
  • language
  • comfort level
  • mild anxiety
  • readiness to learn
A
  • cognitive level
  • language
  • comfort level
  • readiness to learn
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10
Q

Which info should HCPs consider when calculating dosages for infants and children compared with adults?

  • % body fat great in children than adults
  • infants have smaller body surface area
  • urine is more concentrated in infants
  • older children can have a faster metabolic rate than adults
A

older children can have a faster metabolic rate than adults

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11
Q

An HCP is caring for a pt receiving nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) IV and changing to oral form. HCP should recognize the oral dose will be higher why?

A

decrease bioavailability because of the first-pass effect

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12
Q

A pt who reports chronic pain states his fentanyl (Duragesic) topical patch is no longer effective. The HCP should suspect what?

A

tolerance to the drug

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13
Q

Infants are at risk for drug toxicity due to which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

  • decreased liver enzymes
  • reduced kidney perfusion
  • increased stomach acid
  • reduced % body water
  • reduced liver perfusion
A
  • decreased liver enzymes
  • reduced kidney perfusion
  • reduced liver perfusion
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14
Q

An HCP is caring for a pt having cardiac dysrhythmias and taking digoxin (Lanoxin). The HCP should recognize which of the following routes of admin has the fastest rate of absorption?

  • SC
  • IM
  • oral
  • IV
A

IV

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15
Q

Which of the following describes drugs that are in pregnancy risk category D? (Select all that apply.)

  • safe during first trimester
  • require use of contraception by women of childbearing age
  • can cause fetal malformation
  • can pass through umbilical cord or placenta
  • require weighing benefits against risks
A
  • require use of contraception
  • can cause fetal malformation
  • can pass through umbilical cord or placenta
  • require weighing benefits against risks
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16
Q

An HCP is explaining adverse effect of digoxin (Lanoxin) to a pt. Which of the following is an adverse effect?

  • cardiac dysrhythmias
  • increased cardiac output
  • increased urine output
  • reduced edema
A

cardiac dysrhythmias

17
Q

An HCP is caring for a pt who has a history of renal insufficiency and is taking lithium carbonate. The HCP should monitor for what?

A

toxicity

18
Q

When talking to a pt about vancomycin, the HCP explains the need to check blood levels and monitor serum peak and trough to help monitor for which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

  • drug toxicity
  • minimum effective dose
  • constant therapeutic level
  • biotransformation
  • first-pass effect
A
  • drug toxicity
  • minimum effective dose
  • constant therapeutic level
19
Q

An HCP is caring for a pt taking acetaminophen and codeine for pain relief. These drugs have an additive effect. which of the following are characteristics of additive drug interactions? (Select all that apply.)

  • pts can achieve desired effect with lower dosages
  • taking together can reduce effect of one or both
  • taking together can potentiate effects of one or both
  • the two produce an action neither would produce alone
  • both have similar actions
A
  • desired effect with lower dosages
  • both have similar actions
20
Q

An HCP getting a pt’s health history discovers that the pt takes loratadine. Which of the following info about OTC drugs is correct? (Select all that apply.)

  • don’t require supervision by HCP
  • can interact with other drugs
  • should be included in drug history
  • are less effective than Rx drugs
  • don’t cause toxicity
A
  • don’t require supervision by HCP
  • can interact with other drugs
  • should be included in drug history
21
Q

An HCP is caring for a pt hospitalized with chest pain. Pt. instruction about drugs and discharge planning should begin

A

ASAP

22
Q

An HCP is taking a pt’s health history. The pt states he has no allergies but had mild itching while on amoxicillin. Which of the following info should the HCP explain to the pt?

  • itching is an SE
  • itching can indicate toxicity
  • itching can indicate hypersensitivity
  • itching can result from dry skin caused by the drug
A

hypersensitivity

23
Q

A pt who is postpartum and breatfeeding asks an HCP about effects of OTC on her newborn. Which of the following should the HCP consider when recommending a drug for the pt? (Select all that apply.)

  • newborn’s weight
  • amt of breast milk baby consumes daily
  • benefits vs risks
  • properties of the drug
  • route of admin
A
  • newborn’s weight
  • amt of breast milk baby consumes daily
  • benefits vs risks
  • properties of the drug
24
Q

An HCP is speaking to a pt taking carbamazepine (Tegretol) and reports drinking grapefruit juice. The HCP explains the juice inhibits an enzyme in the liver used to metabolize certain drugs, including carbamazepine. The HCP should recognize the pt’s risk for what?

A

toxicity

25
Q

An HCP is caring for a pt who arrived at urgent care after a bee sting. Which of the following indicates an anaphylactic reaction? (Select all that apply.)

  • low BP
  • wheezing
  • bradycardia
  • peripheral edema
  • swallowing difficulty
A
  • low BP
  • wheezing
  • swallowing difficulty

2020 Pharmacology I (21 decks)

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