Supplements

Question 1

These are synthetically produced supplements with chemical characteristics similar to their natural counterparts. They are commercially available in the market and include L-lysine, DL-methionine and its hydroxy analogue (MHA), L-threonine and tryptophan.

Answer 1

Synthetic amino acids

Question 2

Most of the essential minerals are present in ordinary feeds although the amounts are not sufficient enough to meet the requirements of swine and poultry. These requirements are for skeletal development of the animals, eggshell formation in laying hens and other regulatory processes in the body.

Answer 2

Mineral supplements

Question 3

The mineral elements most likely to be deficient in common rations.

Answer 3

calcium
phosphorus
sodium
chloride
manganese
zinc

Question 4

These are produced from calcining rock phosphates or by the addition of calcium compounds to phosphoric acid. Certain rock phosphate deposits can be used for feeding purposes provided, these either contain very little fluorine or the fluorine has been removed by heating.

Answer 4

Calcium phosphates

Question 5

The maximum level of fluorine should be how many percent?

Answer 5

0.2%

Question 6

3 Different kinds of calcium phosphates

Answer 6

Dicalcium phosphate
Monodicalcium phosphate
Tricalcium phosphate

Question 7

It may either be ground or granulated, and is one of the best sources of calcium for animals. To be suitable for feeding purposes, limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO3) must contain 33-39% calcium and less than 5% magnesium.

Answer 7

Limestone

Question 8

To be suitable for feeding purposes, limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO3) must contain how many calcium and magnesium.

Answer 8

33-39% calcium and less than 5% magnesium

Question 9

Seashells are almost pure calcium carbonate (95-99%). They are commonly used for topdressing or as a free choice source of calcium.

Answer 9

Oyster shell

Question 10

Common table salt or sodium chloride must be added in poultry and livestock rations. The amount to be added varies from 0.20-0.50% of the total diet depending on the salt contents of the other ingredients. Common table salt should be pulverized, and if possible iodized, when added to the mixed feed.

Answer 10

Sodium chloride

Question 11

The amount of sodium chloride to be added varies from how many percent of the total diet depending on the salt contents of the other ingredients.

Answer 11

0.20-0.50%

Question 12

It generally contains about 26% calcium and 12% phosphorus. It must be thoroughly cooked to prevent the spread of disease- producing organisms.

Answer 12

Steamed bone meal

Question 13

Bone meal generally contains about how many percent of calcium and phosphorus

Answer 13

26% calcium and 12% phosphorus

Question 14

(iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, iodine and cobalt) must be applied in the finished feeds in the form of a mineral premix. The trace minerals are added in the form of soluble salts (iron as ferrous sulfate, manganese and zinc as sulfate or oxide, copper as sulfate, selenium as sodium selenite, iodine as potassium iodide and cobalt as cobalt carbonate) or as chelated trace minerals.

Answer 14

Trace mineral supplements

Question 15

Examples of trace mineral supplements

Answer 15

iron
copper
zinc
manganese
selenium
iodine
cobalt