Feed Additives Flashcards
They are made of organic acid or a mixture of organic acids. When incorporated in the ration, they exert their effect on the gastrointestinal environment by lowering the stomach pH. Low stomach pH prevents the growth and proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, thus, promoting better feed efficiency.
Acidifiers or Acidulants
Examples of Acidifiers or Acidulants
phosphoric acid
citric acid
lactic acid
fumaric acid
acetic acid
These are chemical products produced by microorganisms, which are added in the mixed feed at subtherapeutic level. These materials may increase growth rate and feed conversion in animals, but are potentially harmful when improperly used.
Antibiotics
Examples of antibiotics
aureomycin
streptomycin
erythromycin
neomycin
virginiamycin
tylosin
chlortetracycline.
These agents are used to improve the flowability of grains and feeds by preventing feedstuffs from adhering to surfaces, on the inside walls of silos, bins, conveying systems and mixers.
Anticaking agents
These are used in the prevention and treatment of malaria.
Antimalarials
Examples of antimalarials
pyrimethamine and chloroquine diphosphate
These are chemical preservatives added to the feeds to protect them from decomposition by microorganisms.
Antimolds
Most common antimolds
propionic acid or its salts
calcium
sodium propionate
Other organic acids that can inhibit mold growth
formic acid
sorbic acid
fumaric acid
citric acid
These are used to prevent rancidity in feeds. Feeds containing 12% or more moisture and feeds containing fat or oil should be added with anti-oxidant.
Antioxidants
Commonly used antioxidants
butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)
santoquin
butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA)
calcium carbonate
phosphoric acid
citric acid
These are administered to prevent and control coccidiosis.
Coccidiostats
Examples of coccidiostats
alkomide
amprolium
clopidol
narasin
These are used against internal parasites of the animals.
Dewormers
Examples of dewormers
flubendazole
tetramizole
oxfendazole
These are protein molecules that have the ability to catalyze biochemical reactions. Commercial feed enzymes are used to increase the digestibility of some feedstuffs under certain conditions. These feed additives may contain one or more enzyme activities, with each activity maintaining substrate specificity.
Enzymes
Examples of enzymes
Protease
Amylase
Phytase
Lipase
Feed flavors induce feed intake particularly for piglets. Using feed flavors in mixed feed may disguise the presence of unpalatable ingredients. Commercially available feed flavoring incorporates the aroma and taste of milk, freshly ground corn, molasses, fresh forage, sweet whey, sugar and apple.
Flavorings
These are agents added to improve the texture and firmness of pelleted feeds.
Pellet binders
Examples of pellet binders
gelatin extract derivatives
galactomannan gum
These are chemical agents added to enhance coloration and pigmentation of the skin or of the egg yolk in poultry.
Pigmenters
Examples of pigmenters
Carophyll yellow
Carophyll red
Carophyll orange
It is used if the diet of birds does not contain sources of carotene. It produces egg yolk in the shade of 6 in the standard yolk color fan.
Carophyll yellow
It is added to the diet if deeper color of the egg yolk is desired, i.e., greater than the shade 12 in the color fan.
Carophyll red
It produces egg yolk with shade deeper than 6 but less than 12.
Carophyll orange
It consists of a series of colored tabs arranged as a fan corresponding to the range of yolk colors found in the eggs.
Yolk color fan
Probiotics is also known as…
Live microbial supplements
Also known as live microbial supplements, these are beneficial microorganisms (mainly lactic acid producing bacteria and yeast combinations) added to rations to improve the intestinal microbial balance of the animal.
Probiotics
Examples of microorganisms/probiotics
Lactobacillus sp.
Bifido bacterium sp.
These are used to increase lean-muscle and reduce fat deposition in carcasses when added in the diet during the finishing period.
Repartitioning agents
Examples of repartitioning agents
chromium and hormones
These are chemical agents that facilitate uniform dispersion of molecules in feeds or feed mixtures.
Surfactants
These are used for detoxification of mycotoxin- contaminated feeds and raw materials by either chelating the mycotoxin or by blocking the effect of mycotoxin at the digestive tract of animals that ingested the contaminated feeds.
Toxin binders
Examples of commonly used toxin binders
Polyvinylpyrrolidone and aluminum silicate
