Supplemental: Integumentary System

Question 1

What two things does the integumentary system consist of?

Answer 1

Integumentary system: consists of skin & its accessory structures

Question 2

Accessory structures of integumentary system?

Answer 2

Accessory structures: hair, nails, glands & sensory receptors

Question 3

Function of integumentary system?

Answer 3

i. protective covering
ii. barrier against chemicals & microbes
iii. regulates body temperature
iv. limits evaporation (water loss)
v. contains sensory receptors
vi. excretes some waste

Question 4

What is the two major layers of the skin?

Answer 4

Epidermis (outer more dead layer) and dermis (inner more alive)

Question 5

What are two layers of the epidermis?

Answer 5

Stratum Corneum (outer)
Stratum Basale (inner)

Question 6

Stratum corneum consist of?

Answer 6

consists of dead, keratinized cells

Question 7

Keratin?

Answer 7

keratin – tough, fibrous waterproof protein found in skin & accessory structures

Question 8

Keratinization?

Answer 8

keratinization – occurs when keratin hardens & becomes dehydrated, accumulating in outermost portion of epidermis

Question 9

What is the stratum basale?

Answer 9

single row of cuboidal/columnar cells that are
constantly regenerating

Question 10

What layer is melanin found in?

Answer 10

innermost epidermal layer: stratum basale

Question 11

What is melenin?

Answer 11

pigment found in skin, produced by melanocytes; protects against U/V
damage

Question 12

Two layers of the dermis?

Answer 12

Papillary dermis and reticular dermis

Question 13

What is the papillary dermis?

Answer 13

composed of loose connective tissue; features undulating ridges & nerve
endings that detect light touch

Question 14

What is the reticular dermis?

Answer 14

reticular dermis: deep to the papillary dermis; consists of dense connective tissue

Question 15

What are the structures of hair?

Answer 15

i. Hair follicles: the follicle itself is a tube-like depression of epidermal cells
ii. Hair bulb – location of actively dividing cells which contributes to the growth of the hair
iii. Hair root – portion of hair below the surface of the skin
iv. Hair shaft – the dead epidermal cells

Question 16

What are the structures of a nail?

Answer 16

Nails: protective coverings on the ends of fingers and toes
i. Nail plate: overlies nail bed
ii. Nail bed: surface of skin; under nail plate
iii. Lunula: half-moon shape at base of nail plate; most active growing region

Question 17

What are two types of skin glands?

Answer 17

Sebaceous glands and sweat glands

Question 18

What are sebaceous glands?

Answer 18

Sebaceous glands: typically associated with hair follicles; secrete fatty substance
called sebum which lubricates and protects the integument; glands are not found on
soles or palms

Question 19

What are the two types of sweat glands and a description of each?

Answer 19

1. Eccrine (merocrine) glands: most numerous; traditional perspiratory glands
   that secrete in response to elevated temps
2. Apocrine glands: located in the axillary & groin areas; become active during
   puberty; also active in response to emotion & pain