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CDM 1 > Supplement / VITAMINS > Flashcards

Supplement / VITAMINS Flashcards

1
Q

EAR

A

Estimated average requirement

Average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet requirements of half the healthy people
Brand New supplement and Used on most healthy people during research

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2
Q

RDA

A

Recommended dietary allowance

Average intake level sufficient to meet needs of 97.5% of healthy people

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3
Q

AI

A

Adequate intake –> For infants or other Population

Average intake level assumed to be adequate based on observations or experiments

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4
Q

UL

A

Tolerable upper intake level

Highest intake level likely to pose no adverse effects to almost all people

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5
Q

VITAMIN D Uses are

A

Osteoporosis

Fall Prevention

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6
Q

VITAMIN D Dose for infants 0-6 months

A

AI 400 IU/10 mcg*

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7
Q

VITAMIN D Dose for infants 6-12 months

A

AI 400 IU/10 mcg*

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8
Q

VITAMIN D Dose for Children 1-3 Y and 4-8 Y

A

600 IU/15 mcg

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9
Q

VITAMIN D Dose for Adults 9-70 and Upper limit

A

AI 600 IU/15 mcg

UL 4000 IU/ 100 mcg

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10
Q

VITAMIN D Dose for Adults Above 70 and Upper limit (Also called Patient with Deficiency)

A

AI 800 IU/20 mcg

UL 4000 IU/ 100 mcg

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11
Q

Vitamin A include

A

Also known as Pro-Vitamin

Fruits/vegetables
Beta-carotene

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12
Q

Vitamin A Preformed are

A

Meat, poultry, dairy products, liver

Retinol –> already in active form

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13
Q

High doses of beta-carotene (including food sources) can turn skin

A

yellow–HARMLESS

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14
Q

Vitamin A Uses are

A

Eyesight
• Age-related macular
degeneration (AMD)
• Cataracts

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15
Q

Overdose of Vitamin A can cause

A

Hepatotoxicity

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16
Q

Retinol can cause

A

birth defects if taken by pregnant women (even in modestly

excessive doses) STAY UNDER UL

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17
Q

Labels of Vitamin A can combine

A

Retinol and Beta Carotene

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18
Q

Vitmain A and Retinol Upper level intake is

A
  • 3,000 mcg (preformed vitamin A)

* 1 mcg RAE=1 mcg retinol

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19
Q

If using _______ with Vitamin A supplement we have to be cautious

A

Retinoids

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20
Q

Vitamin C uses are

A

Wound healing
Absorption of iron
Immune function

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21
Q

Side Effects of Vitamin C are

A

Kidney stone 1g/day.

Note: Patient with kidney stones should be cautious and not exceed 1g/day

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22
Q

Vitamin C upper level intake is

A

2g daily

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23
Q

Dietary intake of Vitamin C do not decrease the risk of catching a cold however ,

A

Prophylactic vitamin C may decrease duration by 1-1.5 days

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24
Q

Prophylactic vitamin C may decrease duration by 1-1.5 days Exceptions are

A

Chronic smokers

Elderly

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25
Vitamin D Deficiency , insufficiency and goal limits are
Serum 25-OH vit D – Deficient <12 ng/ml – Insufficient 12-20 ng/ml – Goal 30-60 ng/ml Note: For 20-30ng/ml there is no recommendation.
26
Two types of Vitamin D dosing are
Ergocalciferol=D2 | Cholecalciferol=D3 --> more potent
27
IRON is use for patients with
Iron-deficiency anemia
28
IRON Side effects and Non adherence reasons are
``` Bad Taste Nausea/vomiting Constipation Abdominal pain Dark-colored stool ```
29
IRON Dosing range is
Treatment: 100-200mg elemental iron, divided | Typically TID is due to saturation of absorption
30
Patient taking Antibiotics, antacids, H2 blockers and PPI'S should decrease the amount of ______ for better absorption
IRON
31
Iron interferes with absorption of:
Bisphosphonates Levothyroxine Fluoroquinolones Tetracycline
32
Iron and its absorption can be increased by
Vitamin C
33
Vitamin B1 also known as
Thiamin
34
Vitamin B1 deficiency caused by
Alcohol dependence | Wernicke’s encephalopathy -> neuropathy caused by alcohol
35
Vitamin B1 treatment Dose is
10-300 mg
36
Vitamin B2 is also known ______ and its use for
Riboflavin Uses: Cataracts 5-30mg daily and Migraines 400mg daily
37
Vitamin B2 side effects are
Diarrhea due to (large doses)
38
Vitamin B3 is also known as ______ . It uses are
NIACIN ``` Uses: Increases HDL (high-density lipoprotein) good cholestrol Lowers TG (triglycerides) Lowers LDL (low-density lipoprotein) BAD cholestrol ```
39
Vitamin B3 doses can be
Cholesterol 1-3g.
40
Vitamin B3 side effects are
``` Flushing Itching Headache Hepatotoxicity due to high dose greater than 1.5 gm Glucose intolerance ```
41
Vitamin B6 is also known as ______. Its is use for _____ . It side effects are ______.
Pyridoxine Uses are Pregnancy-induced nausea/vomiting Side effects are Sensory neuropathy if the Daily dose is greater than 200mg Note: Keep daily dose less than 200 mg
42
Vitamin B6 interaction can
Decreases folic acid concentrations | Antiepileptics may decrease B6 (pyridoxine)
43
Vitamin B6: Pyridoxine dosing range is
10-25mg TID or QID
44
Vitamin B9 is also known as ______. It is used for
Folate (Folic acid) Uses: Prevention of neural tube defects and Alcohol dependency.
45
Vitamin B9 (folic acid) interaction can
Folic acid can mask pernicious anemia Folic acid may reduce the efficacy of MTX (methotrexate) used in cancer Antiepileptics reduce folate levels
46
Vitamin B9 Recommended Daily allowances is
400 mcg DFE adults | 600 mcg DFE during pregnancy
47
Vitamin B12 is also known as ______, B12 deficiency can be found in
Cyanocobalamin – Older adults – pt with Pernicious anemia
48
Vitamin B12 interactions are : | Dosing for B12 are :
PPIs, H2 receptor blockers decrease B-12 level Longterm Metformin decreases B12 levels Dosing: Oral formulations equivalent to IM for most people
49
Vitamin E's most active form is known as _____. It is Effective for
alpha-tocopherol. Effective for : Dementia and Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
50
Side effects of VITAMIN E are
Dementia: 2000 IU/day Increased risk of all-cause mortality and bleeding if Doses are >400 IU/day (180mg) or if taking any other anti-coagulant
51
Vitamin K is also known as _____. Its uses are
phytonadione It reverses Warfarin so --> do not take it with Warfarin.
52
Acid Dependent Medication such as PPI, H2 can _______ Calcium Absorption. Absorption starts to become saturated at doses
decrease, greater than 500mg
53
Calcium RDA for Adults 19-50 y Men 51-70 y Women 51-70 y Adults >70 y
Adults 19-50 y --> 1000 mg Men 51-70 y --> 1000 mg Women 51-70 y --> 1200 mg Adults >70 y --> 1200 mg
54
Magnesium is use to treat _____ and _____. Its Side effects are ______
uses: Constipation and Migraine | Side effects are Diarrhea
55
Magnesium levels decrease by certain medications that are
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) | Thiazide/loop diuretics
56
Zinc Common uses are
Common cold Wound healing Age-related macular degeneration
57
Zinc side effects are
Nausea/vomiting | – Metallic taste
58
Dosing for Zinc is
AMD • Higher Dose for wound healingAERDS 80mg/day • lower dose for common cold AERDS2 23mg/day
59
Zinc pyrithione is best known for its use in treating ______. Intranasal Zinc spray can cause
dandruff, anosmia
60
Zinc interactions with other drugs include
Cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, tetracycline They all Separate by 3 hours
61
What is NOT a dietary supplement?
``` – Prescription medications – OTC medications – Homeopathic remedies – Medical foods ```
62
What is the highest Ratio of Homeopathic remedy?
30C
63
DSHEA: 1994 Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act
Definition of dietary supplements – Minimal labeling requirements – Manufacturer is responsible for controlling quality and safety
64
Difference between Label of OTC and Supplement
OTC Purpose Uses Warnings ``` Supplements Disclaimer (if using a structure/function claim) ```
65
Who will be doing supplement verfication
DSVP (Dietary Supplement Verification Program)
66
What FDAMA (FDA Modernization Act) 1997 does?
Encourages consumers to be more involved | Permits health claims on foods supported by federal scientific bodies
67
Dietary Supplement and Nonprescription Drug Consumer Protection Act 2006
Must include manufacturer information Must notify FDA of serious adverse effects
68
For Supplements Labels FDA requirements are that it should have
``` Statement of identity Net quantity Directions Supplement Facts panel Other ingredients Manufacturer name and address Disclaimer (if using a structure/function claim) ```
69
Structure/function claims on supplement will tell
Product affects structure or function of the body | May not claim effectiveness for prevention or treatment of disease
70
Nutritional content claims are
– Must have an established recommended daily value like 12g etc
71
Health claims for supplement are
Authorized by the FDA | Describe relationship between disease or health condition and a food, diet, or dietary product
72
What Natural medicine website will tell us about supplements?
Interaction Checker Nutrient Depletion Effectiveness Checker
73
What NIH (NATURAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH will tell us about supplements
They have a fact sheet in two versions (health professional and customer both version Dictionary Background info botanical dietary supplement Full List of Fact Sheet

CDM 1 (15 decks)

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