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CDM 1 > Supplement / VITAMINS > Flashcards

Supplement / VITAMINS Flashcards

1
Q

EAR

A

Estimated average requirement

Average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet requirements of half the healthy people
Brand New supplement and Used on most healthy people during research

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2
Q

RDA

A

Recommended dietary allowance

Average intake level sufficient to meet needs of 97.5% of healthy people

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3
Q

AI

A

Adequate intake –> For infants or other Population

Average intake level assumed to be adequate based on observations or experiments

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4
Q

UL

A

Tolerable upper intake level

Highest intake level likely to pose no adverse effects to almost all people

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5
Q

VITAMIN D Uses are

A

Osteoporosis

Fall Prevention

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6
Q

VITAMIN D Dose for infants 0-6 months

A

AI 400 IU/10 mcg*

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7
Q

VITAMIN D Dose for infants 6-12 months

A

AI 400 IU/10 mcg*

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8
Q

VITAMIN D Dose for Children 1-3 Y and 4-8 Y

A

600 IU/15 mcg

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9
Q

VITAMIN D Dose for Adults 9-70 and Upper limit

A

AI 600 IU/15 mcg

UL 4000 IU/ 100 mcg

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10
Q

VITAMIN D Dose for Adults Above 70 and Upper limit (Also called Patient with Deficiency)

A

AI 800 IU/20 mcg

UL 4000 IU/ 100 mcg

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11
Q

Vitamin A include

A

Also known as Pro-Vitamin

Fruits/vegetables
Beta-carotene

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12
Q

Vitamin A Preformed are

A

Meat, poultry, dairy products, liver

Retinol –> already in active form

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13
Q

High doses of beta-carotene (including food sources) can turn skin

A

yellow–HARMLESS

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14
Q

Vitamin A Uses are

A

Eyesight
• Age-related macular
degeneration (AMD)
• Cataracts

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15
Q

Overdose of Vitamin A can cause

A

Hepatotoxicity

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16
Q

Retinol can cause

A

birth defects if taken by pregnant women (even in modestly

excessive doses) STAY UNDER UL

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17
Q

Labels of Vitamin A can combine

A

Retinol and Beta Carotene

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18
Q

Vitmain A and Retinol Upper level intake is

A
  • 3,000 mcg (preformed vitamin A)

* 1 mcg RAE=1 mcg retinol

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19
Q

If using _______ with Vitamin A supplement we have to be cautious

A

Retinoids

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20
Q

Vitamin C uses are

A

Wound healing
Absorption of iron
Immune function

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21
Q

Side Effects of Vitamin C are

A

Kidney stone 1g/day.

Note: Patient with kidney stones should be cautious and not exceed 1g/day

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22
Q

Vitamin C upper level intake is

A

2g daily

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23
Q

Dietary intake of Vitamin C do not decrease the risk of catching a cold however ,

A

Prophylactic vitamin C may decrease duration by 1-1.5 days

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24
Q

Prophylactic vitamin C may decrease duration by 1-1.5 days Exceptions are

A

Chronic smokers

Elderly

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25
Q

Vitamin D Deficiency , insufficiency and goal limits are

A

Serum 25-OH vit D
– Deficient <12 ng/ml
– Insufficient 12-20 ng/ml
– Goal 30-60 ng/ml

Note: For 20-30ng/ml there is no recommendation.

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26
Q

Two types of Vitamin D dosing are

A

Ergocalciferol=D2

Cholecalciferol=D3 –> more potent

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27
Q

IRON is use for patients with

A

Iron-deficiency anemia

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28
Q

IRON Side effects and Non adherence reasons are

A 
Bad Taste
Nausea/vomiting
Constipation
Abdominal pain
Dark-colored stool
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29
Q

IRON Dosing range is

A

Treatment: 100-200mg elemental iron, divided

Typically TID is due to saturation of absorption

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30
Q

Patient taking Antibiotics, antacids, H2 blockers and PPI’S should decrease the amount of ______ for better absorption

31
Q

Iron interferes with absorption of:

A

Bisphosphonates
Levothyroxine
Fluoroquinolones
Tetracycline

32
Q

Iron and its absorption can be increased by

33
Q

Vitamin B1 also known as

34
Q

Vitamin B1 deficiency caused by

A

Alcohol dependence

Wernicke’s encephalopathy -> neuropathy caused by alcohol

35
Q

Vitamin B1 treatment Dose is

36
Q

Vitamin B2 is also known ______ and its use for

A

Riboflavin

Uses: Cataracts 5-30mg daily and Migraines 400mg daily

37
Q

Vitamin B2 side effects are

A

Diarrhea due to (large doses)

38
Q

Vitamin B3 is also known as ______ . It uses are

A

NIACIN

Uses:
Increases HDL (high-density lipoprotein) good cholestrol
Lowers TG (triglycerides) 
Lowers LDL (low-density lipoprotein) BAD cholestrol
39
Q

Vitamin B3 doses can be

A

Cholesterol 1-3g.

40
Q

Vitamin B3 side effects are

A 
Flushing
Itching
Headache
Hepatotoxicity due to high dose greater than 1.5 gm
Glucose intolerance
41
Q

Vitamin B6 is also known as ______. Its is use for _____ . It side effects are ______.

A

Pyridoxine

Uses are Pregnancy-induced nausea/vomiting

Side effects are Sensory neuropathy if the Daily dose is greater than 200mg

Note: Keep daily dose less than 200 mg

42
Q

Vitamin B6 interaction can

A

Decreases folic acid concentrations

Antiepileptics may decrease B6 (pyridoxine)

43
Q

Vitamin B6: Pyridoxine dosing range is

A

10-25mg TID or QID

44
Q

Vitamin B9 is also known as ______. It is used for

A

Folate (Folic acid)

Uses: Prevention of neural tube defects and Alcohol dependency.

45
Q

Vitamin B9 (folic acid) interaction can

A

Folic acid can mask pernicious anemia
Folic acid may reduce the efficacy of MTX (methotrexate) used in cancer
Antiepileptics reduce folate levels

46
Q

Vitamin B9 Recommended Daily allowances is

A

400 mcg DFE adults

600 mcg DFE during pregnancy

47
Q

Vitamin B12 is also known as ______, B12 deficiency can be found in

A

Cyanocobalamin

– Older adults
– pt with Pernicious anemia

48
Q

Vitamin B12 interactions are :

Dosing for B12 are :

A

PPIs, H2 receptor blockers decrease B-12 level
Longterm Metformin decreases B12 levels

Dosing: Oral formulations equivalent to IM for most people

49
Q

Vitamin E’s most active form is known as _____. It is Effective for

A

alpha-tocopherol.

Effective for : Dementia and Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

50
Q

Side effects of VITAMIN E are

A

Dementia: 2000 IU/day
Increased risk of all-cause mortality and bleeding if Doses are >400 IU/day (180mg) or if taking any other anti-coagulant

51
Q

Vitamin K is also known as _____. Its uses are

A

phytonadione

It reverses Warfarin so –> do not take it with Warfarin.

52
Q

Acid Dependent Medication such as PPI, H2 can _______ Calcium Absorption. Absorption starts to become saturated at doses

A

decrease, greater than 500mg

53
Q

Calcium RDA for

Adults 19-50 y
Men 51-70 y
Women 51-70 y
Adults >70 y

A

Adults 19-50 y –> 1000 mg
Men 51-70 y –> 1000 mg
Women 51-70 y –> 1200 mg
Adults >70 y –> 1200 mg

54
Q

Magnesium is use to treat _____ and _____. Its Side effects are ______

A

uses: Constipation and Migraine

Side effects are Diarrhea

55
Q

Magnesium levels decrease by certain medications that are

A

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)

Thiazide/loop diuretics

56
Q

Zinc Common uses are

A

Common cold
Wound healing
Age-related macular degeneration

57
Q

Zinc side effects are

A

Nausea/vomiting

– Metallic taste

58
Q

Dosing for Zinc is

A

AMD
• Higher Dose for wound healingAERDS 80mg/day
• lower dose for common cold AERDS2 23mg/day

59
Q

Zinc pyrithione is best known for its use in treating ______. Intranasal Zinc spray can cause

A

dandruff, anosmia

60
Q

Zinc interactions with other drugs include

A

Cephalosporins,
fluoroquinolones,
tetracycline
They all Separate by 3 hours

61
Q

What is NOT a dietary supplement?

A 
– Prescription 
medications
– OTC medications
– Homeopathic remedies
– Medical foods
62
Q

What is the highest Ratio of Homeopathic remedy?

63
Q

DSHEA: 1994 Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act

A

Definition of dietary supplements
– Minimal labeling requirements
– Manufacturer is responsible for controlling quality and safety

64
Q

Difference between Label of OTC and Supplement

A

OTC
Purpose
Uses
Warnings

Supplements
Disclaimer (if using a structure/function claim)
65
Q

Who will be doing supplement verfication

A

DSVP (Dietary Supplement Verification Program)

66
Q

What FDAMA (FDA Modernization Act) 1997 does?

A

Encourages consumers to be more involved

Permits health claims on foods supported by federal scientific bodies

67
Q

Dietary Supplement and Nonprescription Drug Consumer Protection Act 2006

A

Must include manufacturer information

Must notify FDA of serious adverse effects

68
Q

For Supplements Labels FDA requirements are that it should have

A 
Statement of identity
Net quantity
Directions
Supplement Facts panel
Other ingredients
Manufacturer name and address
Disclaimer (if using a structure/function claim)
69
Q

Structure/function claims on supplement will tell

A

Product affects structure or function of the body

May not claim effectiveness for prevention or treatment of disease

70
Q

Nutritional content claims are

A

– Must have an established recommended daily value like 12g etc

71
Q

Health claims for supplement are

A

Authorized by the FDA

Describe relationship between disease or health condition and a food, diet, or dietary product

72
Q

What Natural medicine website will tell us about supplements?

A

Interaction Checker
Nutrient Depletion
Effectiveness Checker

73
Q

What NIH (NATURAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH will tell us about supplements

A

They have a fact sheet in two versions (health professional and customer both version

Dictionary
Background info
botanical dietary supplement
Full List of Fact Sheet

CDM 1 (15 decks)

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