Supervisions

Question 1

Inflammation

Vasodilation caused by

Answer 1

Histamine from ruptured mast cells

Question 2

Bacteria recognition by macrophages

Answer 2

Bacteria have PAMPS recognised by PRR on macrophage

Question 3

What activates acute phase proteins?

Answer 3

IL6

Question 4

Arachidonic acid produces…

Answer 4

Prostaglandins

Leukotrienes

Question 5

CDR

Answer 5

Variable regions
Looped
Beta pleated sheets - stable

Question 6

Light chains

Answer 6

K and delta
Made on different chromosomes
Different aa sequence

Question 7

Which CDR is most variable and why?

Answer 7

CDR3

Because of variability of D/J junction

Question 8

T helper cells -

Answer 8

Th1
Cell mediated immunity
Th2
Humoral

Question 9

Th1

Answer 9

• CD8, macrophage, NK cell
• gamma interferons
  Cell mediated immunity

Question 10

Th2

Answer 10

• B cells
• IL4 IL6
  Humoral

Question 11

MHC class 1 and 2
Constant regions of peptide bind to groove
Variable region

Answer 11

1- A B C

2- Dp Dq Dr

Question 12

How is the antigen presented by APCs

Answer 12

Antigen cut up inside APC
Section presented to T cell
Different MHC molecules may use different peptides

Question 13

Adhesion recognition

Co stimulatory molecules

Answer 13

APC - B7, CD40

CD4 - CD28, CD40L

Question 14

What happens in the para cortex of the lymph node, in inflammation?

Answer 14

B cell presents native antigen on MHC 2
B and T cells present same peptide
T cell recognises B cell presenting antigen
Proliferation of B cells

Question 15

What happens in germinal centres of lymph nodes?

Answer 15

Follicular dendritic cells hold native antigen

B ell interacts with FDC, T cell and cytokines and differentiates into plasma cell

Question 16

How does the B cell know which antibodies to make?

Answer 16

By cytokines produced from the T cell upon co stimulation

Question 17

Peripheral tolerance

Answer 17

Ignorance
Split tolerance
Anergy
Suppression

Question 18

Ignorance

Answer 18

Self is at too low a concentration

Question 19

Split tolerance

Answer 19

B cells react, but T cells don’t

Question 20

Anergy

Answer 20

T cell recognises peptide
No co stimulation
(If no PAMPs, IL, TNFa, macrophage not activated)
Normal body cells have no co stimulatory molecules

Question 21

Suppression

Answer 21

T cells
Self antigen presented
If recognised, negative effect and suppress immune system

Question 22

How does RDNB affect the fetus?

Answer 22

Antibodies cross placenta and aide haemolysis

Bilirubin is damaging to fetus CNS