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Geography- human > Superpowers > Flashcards

Superpowers Flashcards

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1
Q

Superpower?

A

A nation which has the ability to project its influence around the world

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2
Q

What are the 4 ways a superpower can have its power?

A

Economic
Military
Political and ideology
Cultural

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3
Q

Economic power?

A

Control trade, strong military, own debt

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4
Q

Military power?

A

Threaten to invade, achieve geopolitical goals

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5
Q

Political power?

A

Match political systems, influence

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6
Q

Cultural power?

A

Westernisation, align ideology

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7
Q

What are examples of physical resources?

A

Oil and gas

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8
Q

Hard power?

A

Milirary, owning debt

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9
Q

Soft power?

A

Culture and trade alliances

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10
Q

What is Mackinder’s geo-strategic location theory?

A

Classified a region of Eurasia as “heartland”, a geostrategic location (control of human and physical resources)
Contributed to policies of containment
Shrinking world= reduced importiance

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11
Q

Wallerstein’s World systems theory?

A 
All about inequality and wealth 
Core exploit (colonialism) the semi-pheripery and pehripary
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12
Q

Rostow’s modernisation theory?

A

5 stages of development:
Traditional society, Pre cond for take off, take of, drive to maturity and high mass consumption
Only considers American and European countries, advancement and isolated countries

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13
Q

Feature of a traditional society in terms of modernisation theory

A

Primary industry, limited tech and knowledge

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14
Q

Feature of Pre conditions for take off in terms of modernisation theory

A

Increase in demand, infrastructure improvement= FDI

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15
Q

Feature of a take off in terms of modernisation theory

A

Rapid industrialisation, environmental degradion

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16
Q

Feature of a drive to maturity in terms of modernisation theory

A

Economy encourages investment= jobs and opportunity

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17
Q

Feature of a high mass consumption in terms of modernisation theory

A

Developed countrys but only con

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18
Q

Unipolar?

A

One country dominates

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19
Q

Bipolar?

A

Two superpowers, opposing ideologies

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20
Q

Mulitpolar?

A

Several powers competing

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21
Q

A nations power is not…

A

fixec

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22
Q

In terms of power, what is the world currently?

A

Unipolar world

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23
Q

What type of power did the british empire impose?

A

Hard power

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24
Q

In terms of power, what did the world used to be?

A

Unipolar

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25
Q

What quarter of the worlds land did the british empire have control of?

A

1/4

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26
Q

What are the major positives that came from colonialization?

A

Railway lines, the spread of English language, education

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27
Q

What were the major cons that stemmed from colonialization?

A

No governments and discriminating policies= conflict, neo-colony theory.

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28
Q

Colonialism?

A

Control by one power over a dependent area or people.

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29
Q

Why did many empires collapse after 20th cent?

A

Bankrupt, more focused on rebuilding homes (war) and anti-colonial movements gained popularity

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30
Q

What was neo-colonialism first described as?

A

The dependence of former colonies on other countries, exploited colonies

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31
Q

What is neo-colonialism now described as?

A

The exploitive relationship between more powerful countries taking advantage of the less developed eg IMF and world bank offering out loans to less developed economies when they know they cannot repay them

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32
Q

Neo-colony?

A

A controlled/dominted colony by another

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33
Q

Neo-colonial power?

A

The continuing dependence of former colonies on other countries (links to dependency model)

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34
Q

Cold war?

A

A series of proxy wars where there was limited fighting

1945-90, geopolitical tension between USA (Capatlist) and USSR (communist)

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35
Q

What did the USSR do during the cold war?

A

Formed a warship pact with its allies, installed communist govs in Europe that acted as a “shield”

36
Q

What did the USA do during the cold war?

A

Created NATO (allies), invested in countries (eg japan etc) to protect them from communism, space race competition

37
Q

Communism key features?

A

Gov owns land, wages and supply of goods

38
Q

Capitalism key features?

A

Private business ownership (including wages), free trade

39
Q

What are the main features of a growing economy?

A

Rapid growth
Free market
Large projected growth

40
Q

What are the two main examples of trade blocs?

A

BRICS

G20

41
Q

Who are the BRICS?

A 
Brazil
Russia
India
China 
South Africa
42
Q

Who are the G20?

A 
EU
Turkey
Indonesia
South korea
Mexico
43
Q

In terms of the G20, how much do they account for of the worlds trade?

A

85%

44
Q

How much does brazil account for Americas GDP?

A

50%

45
Q

In terms of the BRICS, what is Brazils economy like?

A

Large water reserves
Self sufficient
Energy and food secure
Boom and bust economy phases

46
Q

In terms of the BRICS, what is Brazils political climate like?

A

Unstable and corrupt

President impeached

47
Q

In terms of the BRICS, what is Brazils demographics like?

A

210million people
Young
Low fertility

48
Q

In terms of the BRICS, what is Brazils military like?

A

Insignificant

Small regional role

49
Q

In terms of the BRICS, what is Brazils cultural influence like?

A

Footballing nation: Olympics and FIFA world cup

50
Q

In terms of the BRICS, what is Brazils environment like?

A

Deforestation and high pollution levels

51
Q

In terms of the BRICS, what is Chinas economy like?

A 
Player in global investment 
Develops economies 
Modernised infrastructure eg high speed rail 
Not very innovative, copies 
Rising wages
52
Q

In terms of the BRICS, what is Chinas political climate like?

A

Limited international relations

Tense relationship with south east asian nations

53
Q

In terms of the BRICS, what is Chinas military like?

A

Largest army
Nuclear weapons
Dated army

54
Q

In terms of the BRICS, what is Chinas demographics like?

A

Large population that is degrading= economic collapse
Vast labour pool
Little inward migration= limited skills attraction
Social and healthcare prices rise

55
Q

In terms of the BRICS, what is Chinas cultural influence like?

A

Limited BUT invest and develop nations

56
Q

In terms of the BRICS, what is Chinas environment like?

A

Largest co2 emitter, rivers polluted, Amazon is being cut down to export here

57
Q

How much does China account for the USAs GDP?

A

10%

58
Q

In terms of the BRICS, what is political climate like?

A

G20 AND UN
Largest democracy
Poor geopolitical relations

59
Q

In terms of the BRICS, what is Indias military like?

A

4th largest

Nuclear weapons

60
Q

In terms of the BRICS, what is Indias demographics like?

A

Large pool of labour
Young population
Outward migration= braindrain

61
Q

In terms of the BRICS, what is Indias cultural influence like?

A

Food

Bollywood

62
Q

In terms of the BRICS, what is Indias environment like?

A

3rd largest emitter of CO2

Large slums

63
Q

In terms of the BRICS, what is Indias economy like?

A

Use of English= attract FDI
Poor infrastructure
Lots of debt
Unequal society

64
Q

In terms of the BRICS, what is Russias economy like?

A

9th largest
Large oil and gas reserves
EU sanctions
Unequal emerging nation

65
Q

In terms of the BRICS, what is Russias political influence like?

A

U security council

Strained EU relation

66
Q

In terms of the BRICS, what is Russias military like?

A

Nuclear weapons
Large
Damaged relations with other countrys

67
Q

In terms of the BRICS, what is Russias demographics like?

A

Ageing
Low birth rates
Isolated communities= lack of development

68
Q

In terms of the BRICS, what is Russias cultural influence like?

A

Little but expanding

69
Q

In terms of the BRICS, what is Russias environment like?

A

Ecologically stressed due to human degrading

70
Q

What are 4 ways in which superpower status could change?

A

Stability (wars and alliances)
Resources (higher demand= shortages, high price and conflict)
Military (new arms race)
Economy (world more dependent on Asias health than in the west)

71
Q

What does the world bank and IMF do?

A

Provide loans to aid development

72
Q

Why has the world bank and IMF been criticised?

A

Unethical behaviour: providing loans to countries they know are unable to pay back and in turn they open up their markets and privatise their companies

73
Q

What does the world trade organisation do?

A

Ensures free global trade, equality and reduces protectionism measures

74
Q

Why has the world trade organisation been criticised?

A

Failed to stop developing nations from protecting their economy (eg from subsidies etc)

75
Q

What does the world economic forum do?

A

Promotes public-private co-operation

76
Q

Why has the world economic forum been criticised?

A

Costs £19 000 to attend so developing nations are underrepresented

77
Q

What are two main examples of TNCs and western influence across the globe?

A

Mcdonalds and coca cola

78
Q

Who owns publically traded TNCS?

A

Various share holders

79
Q

Who owns state owned TNCs?

A

Owned by governments

80
Q

What 6 factors have allowed TNCs to become more influential than IGOs?

A 
Economies of scale 
Ability to borrow money 
New technology 
Move towards capitalism = opportunity 
Global culture 
Ownership of innovation
81
Q

Who has dominated global media?

A

America and Europe (Westernisation)

82
Q

Westernisation?

A

whereby societies come under or adopt Western culture in areas such as industry, technology, politics, economics, lifestyle, law, norms

83
Q

What are three intellectual property laws that TNCs protect new inventions?

A

Patents
Copyright
Trademarks

84
Q

Patents?

A

For technologies and systems

85
Q

Copyright?

A

For films and books

86
Q

Trademarks?

A

For designs like logos

Geography- human (7 decks)

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