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superpowers Flashcards

1
Q

What are factors of superpowers?

A
  • big economy
  • large military
  • influential culture
  • political power
  • resources
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2
Q

What is soft power?

A

non-coercive, using culture, political values, and foreign policies to enact change

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3
Q

What is hard power?

A

how nations express their influence through military or economic force

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4
Q

What is the Mackinder Theory?

A
  • idea that hard power is important for world domination
  • outdated idea that the Heartland is Eastern Europe and whoever controls the region controls the World
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5
Q

What is neo-colonialism?

A
  • the use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries
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6
Q

What is the G20?

A
  • EU and 19 states
  • compose of 85% GDP and 65% population
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7
Q

What percentage of Chinas waterways are polluted?

A

60%

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8
Q

What percentage of the worlds most polluted cities are in India?

A

50%

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9
Q

What is the dependency theory?

A
  • core and underdeveloped periphery nations
  • developed exploit underdeveloped nations and keep them poor
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10
Q

What is the World Systems Theory?

A
  • Immanuel Wallerstein
  • three-tier structure
  • proposes that social change in the developing world is inextricably linked to the economic activities of the developed world
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11
Q

What is ANZUS?

A
  • pact treaty between Australia, New Zealand and the US
  • signed in 1951
  • providing for their mutual defence against armed attack in the Pacific region
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12
Q

Since 2000, what is China’s meat consumption up by?

A

99%

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13
Q

Since 2000, what is China’s fruit and nuts consumption up by?

A

98%

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14
Q

Since 2000, what is China’s perfume consumption up by?

A

133%

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15
Q

Since 2000, what is China’s pharmaceuticals consumption up by?

A

87%

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16
Q

How many people in China own a phone?

A

1.04 billion

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17
Q

What are the impacts of middle class growth?

A
  • more use of resources
  • CO2 is 53% higher than 1990
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18
Q

What are percentage are China’s emissions up by since 1990?

A

286%

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19
Q

How much did China invest in green investment in 2017?

A

$126 billion

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20
Q

What is eutrophication?

A

the process in which a water body becomes overly enriched with nutrients, leading to the plentiful growth of simple plant life

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21
Q

What is a superpower?

A

Nation able to influence others, anywhere in world as a dominant force

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22
Q

What is smart power?

A

a mixture of both soft and hard power

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23
Q

What is a unipolar world?

A

world dominated by one power

24
Q

What is an example of a unipolar world?

A

The USA & the British Empire

25
What is a bipolar world?
World dominated by 2 powers with different ideologies
26
What is an example of a bipolar world?
USSR and the USA (cold war)
27
What is a multipolar world?
World dominated by many competing regional powers
28
What is hegemony?
Superpower dominance over others
29
How many soldier are in the US military?
roughly 2 million military personnel
30
How much do the US spend on their military every year?
$640 billion
31
What is a blue water navy?
maritime force capable of operating globally
32
What are the BRICS nations?
Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
33
What is Rostow's Model?
Economic development growth from traditional society (Amazon) to high mass consumer society (USA)
34
What are the five stages of Rostow's model?
1. traditional society 2. preconditions for take off 3. take off 4. drive to maturity 5. age of high mass consumption
35
What are IGOs?
an organisation composed primarily of sovereign states (member states) or of other intergovernmental organisations
36
What is a TNC?
an enterprise that is involved with the international production of goods or services
37
What is the UN Security Council?
- 5 permanent members - 10 non-permanent members - power = sanctions, military action, peacekeeping
38
What is NATO?
- North Atlantic Treaty Organisation - an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country
39
What is the EU?
- European Union - set up on the basis of free trade
40
How many people are expected to be middle class in China by 2030?
1 billion
41
What percentage of gas and oil reserves are in the Arctic?
25%
42
What are the Spratly Islands?
- heavily contested - China claiming all the territory - China built military bases from scratch - tensions with Taiwan and USA
43
What is land grabbing?
wealthy countries buying land and water resources in poorer countries to protect their own food security and to turn profits
44
What are the challenges in the EU?
- power differences in its complex governance structure
45
What percentage of people in the US are overweight?
74%
46
How much does health cost of the US GDP?
17%
47
How much debt was the US in in 2016?
$19 trillion
48
What is a navy?
a fleet of ships, all the warships of a nation
49
What are nuclear weapons?
weapons in which the explosive potential is controlled by nuclear fission or fusion
50
What is air power?
- the use of the area above the surface of the earth to your advantage
51
How many combat aircrafts does the US have?
5,500
52
How are drones used in the military?
regularly strike suspected militants
53
How much does the US spend on space resources?
$17.6 billion
54
How much does the EU spend on space resources?
5.5 billion
55
How much does Russia spend on space resources?
5.6 billion
56
What is a regional mosaic?
a series of densely developed geographic spaces scattered across the globe

human geography (3 decks)

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