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human geography > superpowers > Flashcards

superpowers Flashcards

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1
Q

What are factors of superpowers?

A
  • big economy
  • large military
  • influential culture
  • political power
  • resources
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2
Q

What is soft power?

A

non-coercive, using culture, political values, and foreign policies to enact change

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3
Q

What is hard power?

A

how nations express their influence through military or economic force

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4
Q

What is the Mackinder Theory?

A
  • idea that hard power is important for world domination
  • outdated idea that the Heartland is Eastern Europe and whoever controls the region controls the World
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5
Q

What is neo-colonialism?

A
  • the use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries
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6
Q

What is the G20?

A
  • EU and 19 states
  • compose of 85% GDP and 65% population
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7
Q

What percentage of Chinas waterways are polluted?

A

60%

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8
Q

What percentage of the worlds most polluted cities are in India?

A

50%

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9
Q

What is the dependency theory?

A
  • core and underdeveloped periphery nations
  • developed exploit underdeveloped nations and keep them poor
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10
Q

What is the World Systems Theory?

A
  • Immanuel Wallerstein
  • three-tier structure
  • proposes that social change in the developing world is inextricably linked to the economic activities of the developed world
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11
Q

What is ANZUS?

A
  • pact treaty between Australia, New Zealand and the US
  • signed in 1951
  • providing for their mutual defence against armed attack in the Pacific region
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12
Q

Since 2000, what is China’s meat consumption up by?

A

99%

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13
Q

Since 2000, what is China’s fruit and nuts consumption up by?

A

98%

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14
Q

Since 2000, what is China’s perfume consumption up by?

A

133%

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15
Q

Since 2000, what is China’s pharmaceuticals consumption up by?

A

87%

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16
Q

How many people in China own a phone?

A

1.04 billion

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17
Q

What are the impacts of middle class growth?

A
  • more use of resources
  • CO2 is 53% higher than 1990
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18
Q

What are percentage are China’s emissions up by since 1990?

A

286%

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19
Q

How much did China invest in green investment in 2017?

A

$126 billion

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20
Q

What is eutrophication?

A

the process in which a water body becomes overly enriched with nutrients, leading to the plentiful growth of simple plant life

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21
Q

What is a superpower?

A

Nation able to influence others, anywhere in world as a dominant force

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22
Q

What is smart power?

A

a mixture of both soft and hard power

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23
Q

What is a unipolar world?

A

world dominated by one power

24
Q

What is an example of a unipolar world?

A

The USA & the British Empire

25
Q

What is a bipolar world?

A

World dominated by 2 powers with different ideologies

26
Q

What is an example of a bipolar world?

A

USSR and the USA (cold war)

27
Q

What is a multipolar world?

A

World dominated by many competing regional powers

28
Q

What is hegemony?

A

Superpower dominance over others

29
Q

How many soldier are in the US military?

A

roughly 2 million military personnel

30
Q

How much do the US spend on their military every year?

A

$640 billion

31
Q

What is a blue water navy?

A

maritime force capable of operating globally

32
Q

What are the BRICS nations?

A

Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa

33
Q

What is Rostow’s Model?

A

Economic development growth from traditional society (Amazon) to high mass consumer society (USA)

34
Q

What are the five stages of Rostow’s model?

A
  1. traditional society
  2. preconditions for take off
  3. take off
  4. drive to maturity
  5. age of high mass consumption
35
Q

What are IGOs?

A

an organisation composed primarily of sovereign states (member states) or of other intergovernmental organisations

36
Q

What is a TNC?

A

an enterprise that is involved with the international production of goods or services

37
Q

What is the UN Security Council?

A
  • 5 permanent members
  • 10 non-permanent members
  • power = sanctions, military action, peacekeeping
38
Q

What is NATO?

A
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
  • an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country
39
Q

What is the EU?

A
  • European Union
  • set up on the basis of free trade
40
Q

How many people are expected to be middle class in China by 2030?

A

1 billion

41
Q

What percentage of gas and oil reserves are in the Arctic?

A

25%

42
Q

What are the Spratly Islands?

A
  • heavily contested
  • China claiming all the territory
  • China built military bases from scratch
  • tensions with Taiwan and USA
43
Q

What is land grabbing?

A

wealthy countries buying land and water resources in poorer countries to protect their own food security and to turn profits

44
Q

What are the challenges in the EU?

A
  • power differences in its complex governance structure
45
Q

What percentage of people in the US are overweight?

A

74%

46
Q

How much does health cost of the US GDP?

A

17%

47
Q

How much debt was the US in in 2016?

A

$19 trillion

48
Q

What is a navy?

A

a fleet of ships, all the warships of a nation

49
Q

What are nuclear weapons?

A

weapons in which the explosive potential is controlled by nuclear fission or fusion

50
Q

What is air power?

A
  • the use of the area above the surface of the earth to your advantage
51
Q

How many combat aircrafts does the US have?

A

5,500

52
Q

How are drones used in the military?

A

regularly strike suspected militants

53
Q

How much does the US spend on space resources?

A

$17.6 billion

54
Q

How much does the EU spend on space resources?

A

5.5 billion

55
Q

How much does Russia spend on space resources?

A

5.6 billion

56
Q

What is a regional mosaic?

A

a series of densely developed geographic spaces scattered across the globe

human geography (3 decks)

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