regenerating places Flashcards
What is regeneration?
The process of improving a rural/urban place by making positive changes
What is redevelopment?
Demolishing derelict buildings to build new ones
What is renewal?
Improving existing buildings and areas
What is re-imaging?
Changing the image of a place through redesign and publicity
What is the LDDC’s flagship project?
Canary Wharf
What is London’s second CBD?
Canary Wharf
What replaced docks and industry in Canary Wharf?
high rise office buildings
What was the economic aim of the LDDC flagship project?
- to create high earning jobs
- high earners would generate other jobs in a ‘trickle down’ effect to poorer communities
What are examples of companies in Canary Wharf?
Barclays and HSBC
How many commuters travel to Canary Wharf everyday?
100,000 commuters
What percentage of Newham’s population earned less than £7 an hour in 2012?
27%
What new transport developments were created in Canary Wharf?
- extending the Jubilee Line
- Crossrail (Elizabeth Line)
- DLR
What was built 5km from Canary Wharf?
London City Airport
How has the population transformed in Canary Wharf?
- many older people have moved out, retiring to Essex coast
- replaced by much younger generation
What was the average age in Newham in 2011?
31
What was the average age in the UK in 2011?
40
What is London’s most ethnically diverse borough?
Newham
What was the Right to Buy scheme?
gave those living in council housing the right to buy it at a reduced price
What borough had the lowest average life expectancy in London and what was it in 2012?
Tower Hamlets, 77 years
What percentage of children live in poverty in Hackney?
28%
What is the poverty rate in Newham?
37%
What percentage of working residents are low paid in Newham?
36%
What are centripetal forces?
- forces that tend to unite or bind a community together
- e.g. family ties, a sense of community
What are centrifugal forces?
- forces that pull people apart
- e.g. globalisation, employment changes, inward migration
How has globalisation affected London?
- global shift meant manufacturing moved away from London
- containerisation badly affected Docklands
- population characteristics changed (more diverse)
- break up of communities and families
What percentage of those in London worked high income jobs in 1951?
18%
What percentage of those in London worked high income jobs in 2011?
31%
What has helped revitalise many places in London
- inward migration
- gentrification
- regeneration
How have newcomers displaced existing residents in London?
due to rising house prices and rents
What are examples of quantitative research?
- Quality of life surveys
- Area profiling
What are examples of qualitative research?
- Photographs
- Interviews and anecdotal histories
What is economic activity?
activity if making, providing, purchasing or selling goods or services
What is the primary sector?
Low paid, manual work (agriculture, forestry, mining, fishing)
What is the secondary sector?
Low paid, manual work (manufacturing)
What is the tertiary sector?
Ranges from minimum wage to high paid professionals (retail, services, office work)
What is the quaternary sector?
Jobs in research, development and high tech industries (Scientific Research, ICT)
What percentage of people worked in the primary sector in the uk in 1841?
22%
What percentage of people worked in the secondary sector in the uk in 1841?
36%
What percentage of people worked in the tertiary sector in the uk in 1841?
33%
What percentage of people worked in the secondary sector in the uk in 2011?
9%
What percentage of people worked in the primary sector in the uk in 2011?
1%
What percentage of people worked in the tertiary sector in the uk in 2011?
81%