Superpowers Flashcards
Define hard power
The influence through tactics such as military force, economic sanctions, payments etc.
Define soft power
The influence to change minds and influence behavior- Culture, politics, global engagement.
What is BRICS
Brazil, Russia, India and China and South Africa- it’s the idea that these countries will dominate the global economy by 2050.
What are the 5 characteristics of a superpower
1)Economy is very strong, Large GDP, high international trade
2)The ability to influence through politics through dominance and negotiations
3)Military power has been invested in, enabling them to use hard power – shows how dominant they can be
3)Culture- ability to influence the beliefs, values, ideology and the way of life in other countries and this is achieved by media (films, tv, music)
4)Demographic- larger population= more people working= assist the economy= army is larger= hard power (China has a population of 1382 million)
5)Resources – the accessibility of resources. If a country has more resources, they can sell it E.G- UAE/middle east with oi”.
What is the modernisation theory (rostows model 1960)
It was based on historical development of the UK and the USA.
It assumes that if enough investment is made in a developing country, that industrialisation will occur giving good returns on the original investment.
Explains why some people support TNC investment in developing countries. As it should provide take off.
What are the Criticisms of the modernisation theory (rostow)
It assumes all countries follow the same path to development even though the conditions for economic development in the UK and USA where different.
What is the dependency theory (frank 1971)
Described by frank as The development and underdevelopment.
TNC investment in developing countries lead to the exploitation of workers and the manipulation of global trade and environmental damage, keeping a periphery of developing countries dependent on a core of developed countries.
What are the criticisms of the dependency theory (frank 1971)
It does not explain how some developing countries have grown rapidly whilst others have not; it does not deal easily with changing patterns of power.
What is the world systems theory (wallerstein 1976)
Does factor change over time, and accepts a more complex system then a single path to development or a core/ periphery divide.
It recognises the importance of the global economy, which has long term cycles of books and recessions. Both create opportunities for countries to move periphery to the core- or the other way around- over long periods of time.
What is a criticism of the world systems theory (wallerstein 1976)
It describes rather than explains
