Superior and Posterior Mediastinum

Question 1

Borders and contents of superior mediastinum

Answer 1

Borders: manubrium, T1-T4 Contents: Thymus Great vessels Veins (brachiocephalic VV, SVC) Arteries (arch of aorta and branches) Phrenic N, cardiac plexus, vagus N, recurrent laryngeal N Portion of trachea Portion of esophagus Thoracic duct, lymphatic trunks

Question 2

Borders and contents of anterior mediastinum

Answer 2

Borders: Anterior – sternum Posterior – pericardium Superior – transverse thoracic plane Inferior - diaphragm Contents: Inferior portion of thymus (in childhood) Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes Loose connective tissue, mediastinal fat

Question 3

Borders and contents of middle mediastinum

Answer 3

Borders: Anterior – pericardium Posterior - pericardium Contents: Heart Roots of great vessels (Ascending aorta, Pulmonary trunk, SVC) Pericardium

Question 4

Borders and contents of posterior mediastinum

Answer 4

Borders: Anterior – pericardium, diaphragm Posterior – T5-T12 vertebrae Superior – transverse thoracic plane Inferior - diaphragm Contents: Thoracic aorta Carina, R/L bronchus Thoracic duct, lymphatic trunks Azygos, hemi-azygos V Esophagus, esophageal nerve plexus Sympathetic trunks, thoracic splanchnic NN

Question 5

Blood supply of thymus

Answer 5

Arterial supply via internal thoracic AA (anterior intercostal A) Veins flow into internal thoracic VV, brachiocephalic VV

Question 6

Ligament that passes between left pulmonary A and aortic arch

Answer 6

Ligamentum arteriosum

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

Answer 8

Thoracic aorta - enters the abdomen through the aortic hiatus at T12

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

What passes over root of right lung

Answer 11

Arch of azygos

Question 12

Right posterior intercostal veins

Answer 12

• Supreme intercostal V (Drains into R brachiocephalic V)
• Superior intercostal V (Drains into azygos V)
• Posterior intercostal VV (Drains into azygos V)

Question 13

Left posterior intercostal veins

Answer 13

• Supreme intercostal V (Drains into L brachiocephalic V)
• Superior intercostal V (Drains into L brachiocephalic V or accessory hemiazygos V)
• Posterior intercostal VV (Drains into hemiazygos V and accessory hemiazygos V)

Question 14

SVC is formed by

Answer 14

Right and Left brachiocephalic veins

Question 15

location?

Answer 15

•Begins at pharynx, ends at stomach, passes through diaphragm at T10

Question 16

Thoracic constriction of esophagus

Answer 16

• 1. arch of aorta
• 2. left main bronchus
• 3. diaphragm

Question 17

Blood supply and innervation of esophagus

Answer 17

Esophageal arteries and veins, esophageal plexus

Question 18

Ridge of cartilage in trachea between the bronchi division point

Answer 18

Carina

Question 19

Bronchial divisions

Answer 19

Question 20

Vagus N info

Answer 20

Question 21

Nerve that:

• Hooks around R subclavian A
• Ascends between trachea, esophagus to supply larynx

Answer 21

R recurrent laryngeal N

Question 22

Nerve that:

• Passes inferior to aortic arch, lateral to ligamentum arteriosum
• Ascends between trachea, esophagus to supply larynx

Answer 22

L recurrent laryngeal N

Question 23

Answer 23

• Cardiopulmonary splanchnic NN
• Contribute to nerve plexuses in thorax
• Postganglionicfibers travel to thoracic viscera (heart and lungs)
• Fibers synapsed in paravertebral ganglia

Question 24

Answer 24

Question 25

•Preganglionic fibers: (location)

Answer 25

* Leave as a white ramus and join the sympathetic trunk * Found only at T1-L2

Question 26

•Postganglionic fibers: (location)

Answer 26

* Leave all ganglia of trunks on a gray ramus to join the ventral ramus of a spinal N * Found at all spinal levels

Question 27

Answer 27

Question 28

Chief muscle of respiration

Answer 28

Diaphragm

Question 29

Answer 29

Question 30

Posterior mediastinal lymph is collected in...

Answer 30

posterior mediastinal lymph nodes

Question 31

•Collect lymph from lungs and heart

Answer 31

Tracheobronchial lymph nodes

Question 32

•Thoracic duct collects lymph from:

Answer 32

* Lower limbs, pelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, L upper limb, L thorax, head, neck * All lymph exceptthat from the R superior quadrant

Question 33

•Right lymphatic duct Collects lymph from

Answer 33

right upper quadrant