Pericardium and Heart Flashcards
What is the mediastinum? What covers it? What does it contain?
- The mediastinumis the central compartment of the thoracic cavity
- Covered by mediastinal pleura on each side
- Contains all the thoracic viscera structures except lungs
What vertebral level divides superior and inferior mediastinum
Between T4 and T5
Middle mediastinum contents
- Heart
- Roots of great vessels( Ascending aorta, Pulmonary trunk, SVC)
- Pericardium
Pericardium layers (sac)
Fibrous pericardium attaches to diaphragm via
pericardiophrenic ligament
Transverse sinus is between …
- Aorta and pulmonary trunk
- Superior vena cava
Excess fluid in the pericardial cavity
Pericardial effusion
Heart volume is compromised by the rapid increase of fluid within pericardial cavity
Cardiac tamponade
Pericardium arteries and veins
- Supplied by pericardiacophrenic A (runs with phrenic nerve)
- Drained via pericardiacophrenic V
Pericardium innervation
Innervation via phrenic N (C3-C5)
Name Sulci
Location of apex of heart
- Anterior and to left
- Posterior to 5thintercostal space
3 heart surfaces
Location of tricuspid valve. What attache to it?
- Occupies right AV orifice
- Bases of cusps are attached to fibrous ring
- Ventricular surfaces of cusps are attached to chordae tendinae (from papillary M)
Biscuspid valve location
•Occupies left AV orifice
Where do the pulmonary arteries branch off of?
Aortic semilunar valve
Wall layers
Cardiac cycle phases
- Diastole (Dub)
- Systole (Lub)
Diastole
- Diastole (ventricular filling and elongation)
- Closing of SL valves
- Opening of AV valves
- Blood passively fills atria, ventricles
- Atrial contraction forces blood into ventricles
Systole
- Systole(ventricular shortening and emptying)
- Ventricular contraction closes AV valves
- Opening of SL valves, blood ejected
Borders of heart (surface)
Remnant of the ductus arteriosus
Ligamentum arteriosium
Coronary dominance is based on …
The vessel that gives rise to posterior interventricular A
- Right dominant – 67%
- Left dominant – 15%
- Codominance – 18%
Two nodes of heart conduction
- Sinoatrial node (SA) node- initiates and regulates impulses for heart contractions
- Atrioventricular (AV) node – distributes signal through AV bundle
Conduction bundles become what? How do they behave on each side?
- Bundles become Purkinje fibers
- Right side – ant papillary M through moderator band, R vent. wall
- Left side – ant/post papillary M, L vent. wall
COnducting node blood supply
- From R coronary A
- Sinoatrial nodal A (SA node)
- Atrioventricular nodal A (AV node)
Heart innervation. Function of para/sympathetics
Lymph from the heart passes to the …
Subepicardial lymphatic plexus
Series for cardial lymph
- Subepicardial lymphatic plexus
- Into coronary sulcus, follows coronary arteries
- Ascends b/t the pulmonary trunk and L. atrium, then collects in tracheobronchial lymph nodes
- Passes to bronchomediastinal lymph trunks to thoracic duct (left side) or right lymphatic duct (right side)
