Superficial Vein Imaging Flashcards
T/F the superficial leg veins travel with an accompanying artery within the border that separates the fascia from the muscle
FALSE
What is the role of the superficial veins
Regulate body temperature
The _______ originates from the _____ aspect of the dorsal arch of the foot and passes ______ of the medial malleolus
Great saphenous
Originates medial aspect of the dorsal arch
Passes infront medial mallelous
Where does the great saphenous vein dump into, from where
Common femoral
Lateral/deep below inguinal ligament
How many components does GSV have in the calf
2 (anterior/posterior)
The long saphenous vein ends at a point _______ to the medial malleolus
Anterior
The great saphenous vein runs between ______ (upper thigh). What symbol does this look like?
Is it larger/smaller caudally (distal thigh)
Two hyperechoic fascia
An egyption eye
Smaller caudally
______ (variant) of the GSV is seen up to _____% of people
Duplication 50%
Is the LSV (great saphenous) connected to the deep veins? How
Yes, perforators
The fossa ovalis is where
the GSV enter the femoral vein
How many tributaries drain into the SFJ from the groin. Why are they significant
6 tributaries
Sig in the recurrence of varicose veins
Also provide collateral network
What do you do if a thrombus is noted in the GSV
Measure the distance from the edge of the thrombus to the SFJ
Under what circumstance will physicians anticoagulate patients with thrombus extending into the SFJ
Thrombus extending
Distance between thrombus and SFJ 0.5-1cm
When is it considered a DVT? What should be done?
Once thrombus goes from superficial to deep vein
Prescribe anticoagulant to prevent occurence of PE
Does a clot in the superficial system pose a threat to producing a PE
Yes
Thrombus within ____cm of the deep system are sometimes treated as DVT depending on ____
2 cm, depending on pt history
Where does superficial thrombophlebitis occur most commonly
Varicose veins
Clinical signs of SVT (6)
Severe pain and tenderness Redness Inflammation Swelling Pyrexia (fever) Palpable cord
SVT is associated with an occult of DVT ___% of the time
20%
DDX of SVT (2)
Lymphangitis
Cellulitis
What are the LSV branches below the knee
Posterior accessory (medial) Anterior accessory
The posterior accessory vein of the GSV communicates with the _____ via the _____
Posterior accessory vein of GSV communicates with
Posterior tibial veins
Via
medial calf perforators
Differentiating factor between superficial veins and deep veins (3)
- Superficial travel without accompanying A (like the deep)
- Superficial V encapsulated within fascia
- Function to bring blood to skin (not return blood to heart)
Where does the GSV enter the femoral V
Through foramen ovale at the SFJ
What does the surgeon need to do in the Rx of the varicose vein?
Because there are many tributaries joining the GSV at SFJ, the surgeon needs to ligate all these tributaries and + GSV to prevent recurrence of varicose veins
How many tributaries join the GSV at the SFJ and what are they draining
At least 6
Draining perineum, lower abdo/groin
What is the other name for superficial vein thrombosis SVT
Superficial throbophlebitis
does the clot in superficial venous system pose any threat of PE
Yes
Where the thrombus should be in the superficial system near the juction within the deep system to pose a threat of PE and treat as DVT
Within 2 cm of the deep system
what is felt with an enlarged superficial vein with clot
Leg discomfort
why is the clot unlikely to dislodge from the superficial veins compared with deep
Because superficial veins are NOT surrounded by muscles. Instead, superficial are surrounded by fascia
Where do must SVT occur
Vericose veins
What is the % of saphenous vein duplication below the knee
30%
Medial calf perforators connect what
Posterior accessory vein of LSV and posterior tibial vein
Where does the short saphenous vein arise from (SSV), where does it course, where does it dump into
Dorsal venous arch of lateral aspect passing behind lateral malleolus
Runs posterolateral up calf
Dump into popliteal vossa
the giacomini vein is what? How does it course
It is the SSV BUT it passes more superiorly in thigh to join profunda femoris vein
NOT the popliteal vein in pop crease
Perforator vein role (2)
Superficial to deep
Keeps blood from pooling at skin level
Standard sites for perforators (2)
Junction midthigh to distal thigh
At calf
If deep and perforators become incompetent, where does blood go?
Superficial system
Where does superficial thrombophlebitis occur
Basilic and cephalic veins
where do basilic/cephalic veins dump into
Subclavian vein
What is the most common cause of SVT in upper limb
IV infusion - chemical injury to vein wall - inflammation - inevitable thrombosis
SVT in upper limb is associated with (2)
Trosseau’s syndrome
Buerger’s disease
Does SVT accompany DVT of upper limb
Yes, it is often SVT accompanies DVT in the upper limb
What are the findings of SVT in the upper limb (3)
Palpable tender cord in neck/axilla
Bluish discolouration fingers
Aching pain forearm exacerbated by exercise
