MOCK FINAL Flashcards
all deep veins of the lower leg have at least how many valves?
10
longest vein in the body
greater saphenous vein
the POPV passes through which structure to become the femoral vein?
adductor/hunters canal
superficial veins of the upper and lower extremities
upper:
basilic & cephalic
lower:
GSV
short saph
what system holds the most % of blood and how much
venous, 75% (3/4)
spontaneous venous flow is not usually seen in what type of vessels and why
small distal vessels because velocity is too low and no calf pump effect
if you have continuous flow in the mid femoral vein, where will you see the obstruction
proximal (towards heart) to the probe, upper FV
extensive iliofemoral thrombosis producing a tight leg edema, severe pain and cyanotic mottled skin is commonly referred to as
phlegmasia cerulean dolans
DVT destroys venous valves resulting in post-phlebitic syndrome, which can lead to (3)
chronic skin changes
statis dermatitis
ulcers
virchow’s triad
- injury to vessel wall
- hypercoaguability
- stasis
during inspiration, the intraabdominal pressure increases and blood flow from the upper and lower extremity does what
lower extremity decreases while increasing flow from upper body
vessel can be at the junction of axillary and subclavian veins
cephalic
vessel can be at the junction of axillary and subclavian veins
cephalic vein
venous pressure in right atrium
0 mmHg
The BresciCimino fistula is created surgically between which vessels?
cephalic vein and radial artery
which vein is a continuation of the dorsalis pedis and lies between the tib and fib on top of the interosseous membrane
anterior tibial vein
what sonographic features diagnoses renal artery occlusion (3)
- absence of visible main renal vein
- low velocity, monophasic signals in the kidney
- no flow detected by spectral, colour or power doppler in the main renal artery
3 branches of the celiac artery
left gastric
splenic
common hepatic
real time images demonstrating the echogenic intima separated from the aortic wall are suggestive of
arterial dissection
classic symptoms associated with chronic mesenteric ischemia (4)
- post prandial pain
- ‘fear of food’ syndrome
- weight loss
- GI ulceration
renal artery flow reducing stenosis is indicated if which criteria is found (2)
Renal aortic ratio > 3.5 and a post stenotic signal is found
as renal vascular resistance increases, what happens to the diastolic flow?
decreases
how do you calculate resistive index
PSV / (PSV-EDV)
how do you calculate renal-aortic ratio/
PSV renal/ PSV aorta
what is the second most common cause of renovascular hypertension?
fibromuscular dysplasia
tardus parvus doppler spectral waveforms within the renal parenchyma indicate
proximal stenosis (renal artery stenosis/occlusion)
most common vascular problem affecting the IVC
thrombosis
carcinomas of the kidney, adrenal gland and liver frequently involve which vessel
IVC
which vessel supplies the majority of oxygenated blood to the liver?
hepatic artery
portal vein normal speed
20-40 cm/s
portal vein demonstrates minimal phasicity
true
cavernous transformation is found in association with
portal vein thrombosis
DVT can originate anywhere in the venous system. studies have shown the single most common site to be
soleal sinusoids
which vein receives both the superficial and deep venous systems of the upper extremity
subclavian vein
(cephalic - superficial
axillary - deep)
what is sclerotherapy
injection of superficial veins with an agent to induce thrombosis, forcing blood to reroute to healthier veins (to treat varicose veins)
there are no valves present in which veins?
upper extremity such as brachial. there are valves in lower extremity and cerebral vessels (SCV, IJV, EJV)
what type of plethysmography identifies subcutaneous blood flow
photoplethysmography
in the post stenotic flow zone, there may be frank swirling movements which are called
vortices
the most common symptom of lower extremity arterial disease
claudication - cramping/pain while walking
what do you measure in ABI and how do you calculate the ankle brachial index (ABI)?
measure:
RT and LT brachial
RT and LT dorsalis pedis/peroneal AND
RT and LT posterior tibialis
divide highest ankle pressure (of DP or PT on a given side) by the highest brachial pressure (doesn’t matter which side)
in segmental arterial studies, the cuff at each site is inflated until the systolic pressure, sound, or doppler waveform does what?
disappears
what does an ABI of 0.3 or less indicate
ischemic rest pain
what is a normal ABI?
> 0.9
what is the normal resistive index for renal arteries. what does a higher number mean?
0.3-0.7
RI increases when resistance increases… RI = 1 is zero flow
what occurs in diabetic patients when measuring ABIs? what is an alternative
Falsely elevated ABIs due to non-compressible calcified vessels, so toe brachial indices are useful in diabetics
at what ABI would you use the toe brachial index?
ABI > 1.4
in the evaluation of arterial reconstruction and grafts, what provides quantification of the flow of the entire extremity?
ankle brachial index
first branch of the subclavian artery
vertebral
s/s of peripheral arterial disease (5)
- claudication
- dependent rubor (foot dusky red if below heart)
- COLDNESS
- impotence in males
- trophic skin changes
