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Vascular II > MOCK FINAL > Flashcards

MOCK FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

all deep veins of the lower leg have at least how many valves?

A

10

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2
Q

longest vein in the body

A

greater saphenous vein

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3
Q

the POPV passes through which structure to become the femoral vein?

A

adductor/hunters canal

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4
Q

superficial veins of the upper and lower extremities

A

upper:
basilic & cephalic

lower:
GSV
short saph

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5
Q

what system holds the most % of blood and how much

A

venous, 75% (3/4)

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6
Q

spontaneous venous flow is not usually seen in what type of vessels and why

A

small distal vessels because velocity is too low and no calf pump effect

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7
Q

if you have continuous flow in the mid femoral vein, where will you see the obstruction

A

proximal (towards heart) to the probe, upper FV

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8
Q

extensive iliofemoral thrombosis producing a tight leg edema, severe pain and cyanotic mottled skin is commonly referred to as

A

phlegmasia cerulean dolans

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9
Q

DVT destroys venous valves resulting in post-phlebitic syndrome, which can lead to (3)

A

chronic skin changes
statis dermatitis
ulcers

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10
Q

virchow’s triad

A
  • injury to vessel wall
  • hypercoaguability
  • stasis
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11
Q

during inspiration, the intraabdominal pressure increases and blood flow from the upper and lower extremity does what

A

lower extremity decreases while increasing flow from upper body

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12
Q

vessel can be at the junction of axillary and subclavian veins

A

cephalic

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13
Q

vessel can be at the junction of axillary and subclavian veins

A

cephalic vein

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14
Q

venous pressure in right atrium

A

0 mmHg

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15
Q

The BresciCimino fistula is created surgically between which vessels?

A

cephalic vein and radial artery

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16
Q

which vein is a continuation of the dorsalis pedis and lies between the tib and fib on top of the interosseous membrane

A

anterior tibial vein

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17
Q

what sonographic features diagnoses renal artery occlusion (3)

A
  • absence of visible main renal vein
  • low velocity, monophasic signals in the kidney
  • no flow detected by spectral, colour or power doppler in the main renal artery
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18
Q

3 branches of the celiac artery

A

left gastric
splenic
common hepatic

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19
Q

real time images demonstrating the echogenic intima separated from the aortic wall are suggestive of

A

arterial dissection

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20
Q

classic symptoms associated with chronic mesenteric ischemia (4)

A
  • post prandial pain
  • ‘fear of food’ syndrome
  • weight loss
  • GI ulceration
21
Q

renal artery flow reducing stenosis is indicated if which criteria is found (2)

A

Renal aortic ratio > 3.5 and a post stenotic signal is found

22
Q

as renal vascular resistance increases, what happens to the diastolic flow?

A

decreases

23
Q

how do you calculate resistive index

A

PSV / (PSV-EDV)

24
Q

how do you calculate renal-aortic ratio/

A

PSV renal/ PSV aorta

25
Q

what is the second most common cause of renovascular hypertension?

A

fibromuscular dysplasia

26
Q

tardus parvus doppler spectral waveforms within the renal parenchyma indicate

A

proximal stenosis (renal artery stenosis/occlusion)

27
Q

most common vascular problem affecting the IVC

A

thrombosis

28
Q

carcinomas of the kidney, adrenal gland and liver frequently involve which vessel

A

IVC

29
Q

which vessel supplies the majority of oxygenated blood to the liver?

A

hepatic artery

30
Q

portal vein normal speed

A

20-40 cm/s

31
Q

portal vein demonstrates minimal phasicity

A

true

32
Q

cavernous transformation is found in association with

A

portal vein thrombosis

33
Q

DVT can originate anywhere in the venous system. studies have shown the single most common site to be

A

soleal sinusoids

34
Q

which vein receives both the superficial and deep venous systems of the upper extremity

A

subclavian vein
(cephalic - superficial
axillary - deep)

35
Q

what is sclerotherapy

A

injection of superficial veins with an agent to induce thrombosis, forcing blood to reroute to healthier veins (to treat varicose veins)

36
Q

there are no valves present in which veins?

A

upper extremity such as brachial. there are valves in lower extremity and cerebral vessels (SCV, IJV, EJV)

37
Q

what type of plethysmography identifies subcutaneous blood flow

A

photoplethysmography

38
Q

in the post stenotic flow zone, there may be frank swirling movements which are called

A

vortices

39
Q

the most common symptom of lower extremity arterial disease

A

claudication - cramping/pain while walking

40
Q

what do you measure in ABI and how do you calculate the ankle brachial index (ABI)?

A

measure:
RT and LT brachial
RT and LT dorsalis pedis/peroneal AND
RT and LT posterior tibialis

divide highest ankle pressure (of DP or PT on a given side) by the highest brachial pressure (doesn’t matter which side)

41
Q

in segmental arterial studies, the cuff at each site is inflated until the systolic pressure, sound, or doppler waveform does what?

A

disappears

42
Q

what does an ABI of 0.3 or less indicate

A

ischemic rest pain

43
Q

what is a normal ABI?

A

> 0.9

44
Q

what is the normal resistive index for renal arteries. what does a higher number mean?

A

0.3-0.7

RI increases when resistance increases… RI = 1 is zero flow

45
Q

what occurs in diabetic patients when measuring ABIs? what is an alternative

A

Falsely elevated ABIs due to non-compressible calcified vessels, so toe brachial indices are useful in diabetics

46
Q

at what ABI would you use the toe brachial index?

A

ABI > 1.4

47
Q

in the evaluation of arterial reconstruction and grafts, what provides quantification of the flow of the entire extremity?

A

ankle brachial index

48
Q

first branch of the subclavian artery

A

vertebral

49
Q

s/s of peripheral arterial disease (5)

A
  • claudication
  • dependent rubor (foot dusky red if below heart)
  • COLDNESS
  • impotence in males
  • trophic skin changes

Vascular II (22 decks)

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