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Gross Anatomy/Embryology > Superficial Thoracic Wall > Flashcards

Superficial Thoracic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

head of rib

A

most proximal portion of rib with articular facets

where rib joins vertebra

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2
Q

neck of rib

A

between head of rib and tubercle

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3
Q

articular facets of rib

A

on head of rib
superior and inferior
articulates off vertebrae

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4
Q

tubercle of rib

A

articulates with transverse costal facet of thoracic vertebra of the same number
contains articular facets

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5
Q

shaft of rib

A

distal to tubercle of rib

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6
Q

costal angle

A

curve of rib

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7
Q

costal groove

A

along inferior surface of rib

contains neurovascular bundle

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8
Q

first rib

A

articulates with manubrium
inferior to clavicle
sternocostal joint is a synchondrosis
highest, shortest, broadest, and most sharply curved rib

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9
Q

sternum

A
  1. manubrium
  2. body
  3. xiphoid process
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10
Q

costal cartilage

A

attached to sternum and anterior end/most distal part of rib

ribs are classified by the way their costal cartilages articulate medially

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11
Q

true ribs

A

1-7

costal cartilage attaches directly to sternum

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12
Q

false ribs

A

8-10
costal cartilage articulates with cartilage of rib above
seen along costal margin

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13
Q

floating ribs

A

11 and 12

do not articulate anteriorly with skeletal element but end in abdominal muscles

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14
Q

breast

A

lateral border of sternum to midaxillary line and from rib 2 to rib 6
anterior to pectoral fascia
divided into four quadrants centered on nipple

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15
Q

pectoral fascia

A

deep fascia surrounding pectorals major

attached to the overlying skin by the suspensory ligaments of the breast

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16
Q

suspensory ligaments of the breast

A

white tissue that passes between the lobes of the mammary glands

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17
Q

areola

A

surrounds nipple

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18
Q

nipple

A

along T4

innervated by T4 nerve

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19
Q

lactiferous ducts

A

not always found
generally 15-20
converge on the nipple

20
Q

lactiferous sinus

A

enlarge portion of lactiferous ducts

deep to the nipple

21
Q

retromammary space

A

superficial to the deep fascia
allows for motion
normal breast can be easily separated from underlying deep fascia of the pectoralis major

22
Q

jugular notch

A

superior to mediastinum

on the superior aspect of the manubrium between the sternal ends of the clavicles

23
Q

clavicles

A

articulate on the left and right side of the manubrium superior to articulation of the manubrium with the first rib

24
Q

sternal angle (angle of Louis)

A

articulation between manubrium and body of sternum (at rib 2)
level of the second costal cartilage anteriorly and the level of the T4/T5 intervertebral disc posteriorly

25
Q

xiphisternal junction

A

articulation between body of sternum and xiphoid process

26
Q

costal margins

A

lower edge of the ribs
bottom end of rib cage
formed by ribs 7-10

27
Q

acromion

A

lateral most tip of scapula
distal end of the clavicle
where clavicle and scapula meet
superior to the anterior axillary fold

28
Q

deltoid

A

muscle that attaches medially to the spine of the scapula, acromion of the scapula, lateral one third of the clavicle and laterally with the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

29
Q

cephalic vein

A

between deltoid and pectorals major in the deltopectoral triangle

30
Q

lateral cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves

A

near mid axillary line they leave the intercostal space and enter superficial fascia

31
Q

intercostal space

A

interval between adjacent ribs

filled with three layers of muscle

32
Q

the three layers of muscle that fill the intercostal spaces

A

from superficial to deep

  1. external intercostal muscle
  2. internal intercostal muscle
  3. innermost intercostal muscle
33
Q

how are intercostal spaces numbered?

A

according to the rib that forms the superior boundary

34
Q

anterior axillary fold

A

lateral border of the pectorals major

35
Q

order of rib features proximally to distally

A

articular facets –> head –> neck –> articular facet for transverse process (tubercle) –> costal angle (shaft) –> costal groove (shaft)

36
Q

what happens to ribs moving proximally to distally?

A

ribs angle inferiorly approximately two vertebral levels as they wrap laterally and anteriorly around the thorax

37
Q

scapula

A

consists of acromion process laterally and coracoid process anteriorly

38
Q

with which other bones does the clavicle articulate?

A

medial end of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint
lateral end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula at the acrominoclavicular joint

39
Q

superficial fascia

A

contains fat, superficial veins, and cutaneous nerves

40
Q

pectoral region

A

covers the thoracic wall and part of the lateral thoracic wall

41
Q

mammary gland

A

modified sweat gland contained within superficial fascia of the breast

42
Q

when breast is fixed to pectoralis major, what is this indicative of? explain

A

sign of breast cancer

43
Q

platysma muscle

A

thing but broad muscle of facial

44
Q

platysma muscle

A

thin but broad muscle of facial expression (expression of fascia) which extends inferiorly through the neck into the superficial fascia of the superior thorax

45
Q

anterior cutaneous nerves

A

small

emerge from intercostal space lateral to the borders of the sternum

46
Q

mediastinum

A

directly behind the sternum between the two lungs (pleural cavities)

47
Q

lateral cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves

A

located near the midaxillary line where they leave the intercostal space to enter the superficial fascia

Gross Anatomy/Embryology (5 decks)

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