Superficial Thoracic Wall

Question 1

head of rib

Answer 1

most proximal portion of rib with articular facets

where rib joins vertebra

Question 2

neck of rib

Answer 2

between head of rib and tubercle

Question 3

articular facets of rib

Answer 3

on head of rib
superior and inferior
articulates off vertebrae

Question 4

tubercle of rib

Answer 4

articulates with transverse costal facet of thoracic vertebra of the same number
contains articular facets

Question 5

shaft of rib

Answer 5

distal to tubercle of rib

Question 6

costal angle

Answer 6

curve of rib

Question 7

costal groove

Answer 7

along inferior surface of rib

contains neurovascular bundle

Question 8

first rib

Answer 8

articulates with manubrium
inferior to clavicle
sternocostal joint is a synchondrosis
highest, shortest, broadest, and most sharply curved rib

Question 9

sternum

Answer 9

1. manubrium
2. body
3. xiphoid process

Question 10

costal cartilage

Answer 10

attached to sternum and anterior end/most distal part of rib

ribs are classified by the way their costal cartilages articulate medially

Question 11

true ribs

Answer 11

1-7

costal cartilage attaches directly to sternum

Question 12

false ribs

Answer 12

8-10
costal cartilage articulates with cartilage of rib above
seen along costal margin

Question 13

floating ribs

Answer 13

11 and 12

do not articulate anteriorly with skeletal element but end in abdominal muscles

Question 14

breast

Answer 14

lateral border of sternum to midaxillary line and from rib 2 to rib 6
anterior to pectoral fascia
divided into four quadrants centered on nipple

Question 15

pectoral fascia

Answer 15

deep fascia surrounding pectorals major

attached to the overlying skin by the suspensory ligaments of the breast

Question 16

suspensory ligaments of the breast

Answer 16

white tissue that passes between the lobes of the mammary glands

Question 17

areola

Answer 17

surrounds nipple

Question 18

nipple

Answer 18

along T4

innervated by T4 nerve

Question 19

lactiferous ducts

Answer 19

not always found
generally 15-20
converge on the nipple

Question 20

lactiferous sinus

Answer 20

enlarge portion of lactiferous ducts

deep to the nipple

Question 21

retromammary space

Answer 21

superficial to the deep fascia
allows for motion
normal breast can be easily separated from underlying deep fascia of the pectoralis major

Question 22

jugular notch

Answer 22

superior to mediastinum

on the superior aspect of the manubrium between the sternal ends of the clavicles

Question 23

clavicles

Answer 23

articulate on the left and right side of the manubrium superior to articulation of the manubrium with the first rib

Question 24

sternal angle (angle of Louis)

Answer 24

articulation between manubrium and body of sternum (at rib 2)
level of the second costal cartilage anteriorly and the level of the T4/T5 intervertebral disc posteriorly

Question 25

xiphisternal junction

Answer 25

articulation between body of sternum and xiphoid process

Question 26

costal margins

Answer 26

lower edge of the ribs bottom end of rib cage formed by ribs 7-10

Question 27

acromion

Answer 27

lateral most tip of scapula distal end of the clavicle where clavicle and scapula meet superior to the anterior axillary fold

Question 28

deltoid

Answer 28

muscle that attaches medially to the spine of the scapula, acromion of the scapula, lateral one third of the clavicle and laterally with the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Question 29

cephalic vein

Answer 29

between deltoid and pectorals major in the deltopectoral triangle

Question 30

lateral cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves

Answer 30

near mid axillary line they leave the intercostal space and enter superficial fascia

Question 31

intercostal space

Answer 31

interval between adjacent ribs | filled with three layers of muscle

Question 32

the three layers of muscle that fill the intercostal spaces

Answer 32

from superficial to deep 1. external intercostal muscle 2. internal intercostal muscle 3. innermost intercostal muscle

Question 33

how are intercostal spaces numbered?

Answer 33

according to the rib that forms the superior boundary

Question 34

anterior axillary fold

Answer 34

lateral border of the pectorals major

Question 35

order of rib features proximally to distally

Answer 35

articular facets --> head --> neck --> articular facet for transverse process (tubercle) --> costal angle (shaft) --> costal groove (shaft)

Question 36

what happens to ribs moving proximally to distally?

Answer 36

ribs angle inferiorly approximately two vertebral levels as they wrap laterally and anteriorly around the thorax

Question 37

scapula

Answer 37

consists of acromion process laterally and coracoid process anteriorly

Question 38

with which other bones does the clavicle articulate?

Answer 38

medial end of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint lateral end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula at the acrominoclavicular joint

Question 39

superficial fascia

Answer 39

contains fat, superficial veins, and cutaneous nerves

Question 40

pectoral region

Answer 40

covers the thoracic wall and part of the lateral thoracic wall

Question 41

mammary gland

Answer 41

modified sweat gland contained within superficial fascia of the breast

Question 42

when breast is fixed to pectoralis major, what is this indicative of? explain

Answer 42

sign of breast cancer

Question 43

platysma muscle

Answer 43

thing but broad muscle of facial

Question 44

platysma muscle

Answer 44

thin but broad muscle of facial expression (expression of fascia) which extends inferiorly through the neck into the superficial fascia of the superior thorax

Question 45

anterior cutaneous nerves

Answer 45

small | emerge from intercostal space lateral to the borders of the sternum

Question 46

mediastinum

Answer 46

directly behind the sternum between the two lungs (pleural cavities)

Question 47

lateral cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves

Answer 47

located near the midaxillary line where they leave the intercostal space to enter the superficial fascia