Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gross Anatomy/Embryology > Osteology & Neuromuscular Systems in General > Flashcards

Osteology & Neuromuscular Systems in General Flashcards

1
Q

anterior - posterior

A

front - back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ventral - dorsal

A

stomach - back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

superior - inferior

A

higher - lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

proximal - distal

A

closer to midline - further away from midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

superficial - deep

A

closer to outside - closer to inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ipsilateral - contralateral

A

same side - different side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What creates tubercles on bone?

A
  • as muscle pulls, it forms a bump over time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does growth in long bones take place?

A
  • happens in epiphyseal plates, growing in opposite directions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

metaphysis

A
  • between epiphysis and diaphysis

- contains growth plate and “new” bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

diaphysis

A
  • shaft or central part of long bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

periosteum

A
  • connective tissue around bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are RBC’s made and mature?

A
  • red blood cells growing and maturing in shaft of long bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do bones get nutrients?

A
  • blood vessels enter bone through nutrient foramens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

joint

A
  • where two bones meet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

fibrous joints

A
  • suture

- syndesmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give an example of a suture joint

A

i. e. joints between skull bones

- there is movement in sutures (why newborn heads look misshapen, allows them to move through birth canal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Give an example of a synovial joint

A
  • i.e. middle ear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give an example of a syndesmosis joint

A
  • i.e. joint between radius and ulna
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the four characteristics of synovial joints?

A
  1. tips of ends covered in hyaline cartilage (never ossify)
  2. synovial membrane on inside
  3. filled with synovial fluid
  4. periosteum gets thicker as it’s passing over meeting point (fibrous capsules)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does synovial fluid come from?

A
  • secreted by synovial membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

synovial membrane

A
  • connective tissue that can secrete synovial fluid

- sitting on capsule of joint

22
Q

fusiform muscle

A
  • skeletal
  • elongated
  • has a belly
  • both ends have tendons
23
Q

quadrate muscle

A
  • skeletal
  • has a belly & tendons
  • long in both directions
  • i.e. abdominal muscles
24
Q

circular (sphincteral) muscle

A
  • skeletal
  • two tendons
  • circular in shape
  • most openings are sphincteral
  • contracting makes opening smaller
25
Q

skeletal muscle

A
  • muscle tissue attached to bone
26
Q

Explain how muscle functions

A
  • only actively contracts

- passively stretches

27
Q

flat muscle

A
  • skeletal
  • flat
  • i.e. lateral aspect of abdominal wall
28
Q

unipennate muscle

A
  • skeletal

- looks like half feather

29
Q

bipennate muscle

A
  • skeletal muscle

- looks like feather

30
Q

multipennate muscle

A
  • skeletal

- i.e. bicep

31
Q

flexion

A
  • when angle between two bones that are articulating gets smaller
32
Q

extension

A
  • when angle between two bones that are articulating gets bigger
33
Q

abduction

A
  • away (bringing arm away from midline)
34
Q

adduction

A
  • toward (bringing arm toward midline)
35
Q

medial rotation

A
  • internal rotation
36
Q

lateral rotation

A
  • external rotation
37
Q

Where in human body do pronation and supination take place?

A
  • only happens in humans in the forearm
38
Q

isometric deltoid muscle contraction

A
  • holding arm in abduction

- length of muscle does not change

39
Q

concentric deltoid muscle contraction

A
  • muscle shortens to raise arm in abduction
40
Q

eccentric deltoid muscle contraction

A
  • muscle lengthens to lower arm in adduction
  • gravity brings arm down
  • muscle lengthens & tightens (antigravity –> using muscles to counteract gravity)
41
Q

superficial fascia

A
  • deep to the skin
  • filled and packed with fat cells
  • contains blood vessels and nerves
42
Q

deep fascia

A
  • thin membrane covering muscles

- envelops muscles and keeps them nicely packaged (protection against infection)

43
Q

veins

A
  • company of them can be associated with artery
  • typically still have blood in them after death
  • found superficially to arteries
44
Q

central nervous system

A
  • brain

- spinal cord

45
Q

sensory neurons

A
  • afferent
  • info into CNS
  • pseudounipolar –> almost all have cell body outside CNS
46
Q

motor neurons

A
  • efferent
  • info out of CNS
  • effector organ (muscles) told to contract
  • multipolar (cell body within CNS)
47
Q

divisions of peripheral nervous system

A
  • somatic nervous system = sensory & motor to all parts of the body wall
  • autonomic nervous system = motor to all viscera
48
Q

dorsal horn

A
  • contains cell bodies (within spinal cord)
49
Q

number of cervical vertebrae and spinal nerves?

A
  • 7 cervical vertebrae
  • 8 cervical spinal nerves
  • C1 nerve above C1 vertebra, C8 nerve below C7 vertebra!
50
Q

number of thoracic vertebrae and spinal nerves?

A
  • 12 thoracic vertebrae

- 12 thoracic spinal nerves

51
Q

number of lumbar vertebrae and spinal nerves?

A
  • 5 lumbar vertebrae

- 5 lumbar spinal nerves

52
Q

dermatomes

A
  • map of skin and innervation that is predictable
  • T2 n. innervates skin above angle of Louis
  • T4 n. innervates skin above nipple
  • T10 n. innervates skin above bellybutton

Gross Anatomy/Embryology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions