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abdomen registry > Superficial Structures > Flashcards

Superficial Structures Flashcards

1
Q

Gas causes what type of sonographic artifact

A

Reverberation (comet tail )

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2
Q

Extra hepatic collection of bile

Caused by: trauma, gb disease, biliary sx

A

Biloma

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3
Q

Sonographic findings of a biloma

A

Predominately cystic mass in ruq

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4
Q

2 mechanisms that produce ascites

A

Decrease serum osmotic pressure

Increase in portal vein pressure

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5
Q

Most common cause of ascites

A

Cirrhosis

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6
Q

Causes of ascites

A 
Cirrhosis
Hypoalbunemia
Budd-chiari
Heart failure
Cancer
Nephrotic syndrome (protein loss)
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7
Q

Successful treatment of ascites

A

TIPSS

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8
Q

Benign ascites

A

Free floating bowel

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9
Q

Bowel loops tethered or matted to posterior abdominal wall with complex or loculated fluid collections

A

Malignant ascites

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10
Q

Lymphoceles are caused by:

A

Lymph leakage from renal allograft & surgery disruption of lymphatic channels

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11
Q

Lymphoceles differentials:
4

Presence of internal echoes are more consistent with_______&_______.

A

Any fluid collection: ascites
Urinoma
Hematoma
Abscess

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12
Q

Tendon separation from distal pole of patella

A

Patellar tendon rupture

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13
Q

Irregular borders , complex, debris, septations,and possible gas

Patient presents: fever with increased WBC

A

Abscess

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14
Q

Cause of patellar tendon rupture :

Occurs more with systemic dz such as:____,____,&_____.

A

“Jumping”- sports

Lupus, renal failure, rheumatoid arthritis

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15
Q

Patellar tendon rupture:

Pt is unable to______

Palpable defect known as______

A

Extend the knee

“Dimple sign”

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16
Q

Achilles’ tendon rupture occurs where?

A

Approx. 3-4cm sup

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17
Q

Thompson test

A

Prone position with knee at 90 degrees squeeze calf

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18
Q

Sonographic presentation for Achilles’ tendon rupture

A

C/ or s/ fluid collection

Disrupted normal striations

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19
Q

Pseudomyxoma peritonei : aka

A

Malignant ascites

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20
Q

Pseudomyxoma peritonei: sonographic presentation

Causes:

A

Bowel loops matted to post abdominal wall

Mets
Rupture of mutinous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary
Mutinous tumor of appendix

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21
Q

Hematoma:

Lab-

Fibrin invasion presentation-

A

Decrease in hematocrit

Hyperechoic

22
Q

Hematocrit :

A

Volume of RBC found in 100ml of blood

23
Q

Types of lymphoma

A

Non-hodgkins

Hodgkins

24
Q

Sonographic sign for lymphadenopathy

A

“Sandwich” or “mantle”

25
Q

Lymphoma displaces the IVC & SMA________.

A

Anteriorly

26
Q

Finding assoc. with Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (5)

A 
Lymphadenopathy
Hsm
Cytopenia
Abd mass ( bowel obstruction)
Hydronephrosis d/t retro nodes
27
Q

Causes of bakers cyst (3)

A

Rheumatoid arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Over use of knee

28
Q

2nd most common tumor of hand & (wrist)

Presentation:

A

Giant cell tumor

Solid

29
Q

Most common tumor of hand/wrist

Presentation

A

Ganglion cyst

Simple with enhancement

30
Q

Sheath encasing rectus bad onus from xiphoid to pubic bone

A

Linea alba

31
Q

Midway btwn umbilicus and symphysis pubis

A

Arcuate line

32
Q

Rectus muscle hematoma ____ to arcuate line should not move across the midline d/t the _________.

A

Superior

Lines alba

33
Q

Rectus Muscle hematoma ______ will extend into the pelvis mimicking pelvic pathology

A

Inferior

34
Q

Rectus sheath hematoma lab value?

A

Decrease in hematocrit

35
Q

Causes of rectus sheath hematoma (5)

A 
Trauma
Sx trauma
Muscle contraction
Vassal a coughing/ vomiting
Pregnancy
36
Q 
Name in order of decreasing echogenicity:
Spleen/liver
Renal sinus
Pancreas
Renal cortex
A

Renal sinus
Pancreas
Spleen/liver
Renal cortex

37
Q

Granulomas are caused by________or_________

A

Histoplasmosis or tuberculosis

38
Q

__________is common in North America in the Great Lakes basin and in mid-western US

A

Histoplasmosis

39
Q

Hepatitis may result in the elevation of these for lab values

A

Alt, ast, conjugated, unconjugated bilirubin

40
Q

Hep. Route of infection

Hep a

A

Fecal/oral

41
Q

Hep. Route of infection

Hep b

A

Blood/ body fluids (terminal)

42
Q

Hep. Route of infection

Hep c

A

Blood/body fluids(terminal)

43
Q

Most frequent indication for liver transplant

A

Hcv- associated chronic liver disease

44
Q

Sonographic findings of acute hepatitis

A

“Starry night” peri portal cuffing
Hypoechoic
Enlarged liver size
Hyperechoic pv walls

45
Q

Sonographic appearance of chronic hepatitis

A

Hyperechoic liver
Small in size
Decreased echo of pv wall

46
Q

Complex mass,echogenic gas,reverb artifact

A

Pyogenic (bacterial) abscess

47
Q

Symptoms of Pyogenic abscess

A

Run pain
Leukocytosis
Fever
Elevated lft

48
Q

3 major forms of liver abscess

A

Pyogenic:( bacterial)-80% of cases in us
Amebic: d/t entamoeba hyst. 10%
Fungal: candida>10%

49
Q

Occurs when a parasite from the intestine reaches the portal vein.
Occurs in immigrants and travelers : 8-12wks from date if travel.

A

Amebic abscess

50
Q 
Ruq pain
Diarrhea 
fever
Leukocytosis
Elev. lfts
Elev. rt dome of diaphragm on x-Ray
A

Amebic abscess

51
Q

A fungal( mycotic) infection of blood that results in small abscess in the liver. Typically asymptomatic.

A

Fungal abscess (aka-candidias)

52
Q

Sonographic presentation of fungal abscess

A

“Wheel within a wheel” - earliest and most recognizable: anechoic center separates from mets.

“Bulls eye”- calcified center
“Uniformly hypoechoic focus”-most common presentation
“Echogenic focus”

abdomen registry (4 decks)

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