Neck

Question 1

Thin sonoluscent bands anterior surface of thyroid

Answer 1

Strap muscles- sternohyoid, sternothyoid

Question 2

Location so sternoceidomastoid muscle

Answer 2

Anteriolaterally

Question 3

Posterior to thyroid , wedge shaped , sonoluscent, adjacent to cervical vertebrae

Answer 3

Longus colli muscle

Question 4

Vague hypoechoic area btwn Longus colli and thyroid

Answer 4

Minor neurovascular bundle

Question 5

Posterior to thyroid , typically not visualized

Answer 5

Parathyroid

Question 6

Midline with reverberation artifact

Answer 6

Trachea

Question 7

Transversely a target sign

Answer 7

Esophagus

Question 8

TSH:
Produced by-

Normal range-

Answer 8

Pituitary

0.3-3.0

Question 9

Hypothyroidism lab :

TSH- increased or decreased

Answer 9

Increased

Question 10

Serum thyroid hormones -

T4- aka
T3- aka

Answer 10

T4- thyroxine

T3- triiodothyronine

Question 11

Pituitary is regulated by________

Answer 11

Hypothalamus

Question 12

Hypothyroid lab values

Answer 12

TSH increased , t4/t3 decreased

Question 13

Hyperthyroid lab values

Answer 13

Decease TSH , increase t4/t3

Question 14

Most common benign nodule

Answer 14

Thyroid adenoma

Question 15

Thyroid adenoma sonographic presentation

Answer 15

Iso or hyperechoic

Cystic

Question 16

Solitary , well defined mass, usually hypoechoic , may have halo or echogenic rim

Answer 16

Follicular adenoma

Question 17

Normal variant extending superior to isthmus

Answer 17

Pyramidal lobe

Question 18

Most common thyroid cancer 75-90%

Answer 18

Papillary carcinoma

Question 19

Papillary carcinoma sonographic presentation-

Route of spread-

Answer 19

Hypoechoic , possible calcification

Cervical lymph nodes

Question 20

Follicular carcinoma- 5-15%
Sonographic presentation-
Differential -
Major route of spread-

Answer 20

Encapsulated
Benign follicular adenoma- biopsy to confirm
Blood stream (distal mets to lung & bone)

Question 21

Medullary carcinoma 5%

Secretes - ________ ( useful serum marker)
Associated with_________

Answer 21

Calcitonin

MEN- multiple endocrine neoplasia

Question 22

Benign vs malignant:

Cystic

Answer 22

Benign

Question 23

Benign vs. malignant

Hypoechoic

Answer 23

Possible malignant

Question 24

Benign vs. malignant

Hyperechoic

Answer 24

More likely benign

Question 25

Benign vs. malignant

Sharp and well defined_______
Irregular and poorly defined_______

Answer 25

Benign

Malignant

Question 26

Benign vs. malignant

Peripheral or eggshell______
Fine and punctate_______ ( common in _______)

Answer 26

Benign

Malignant, papillary

Question 27

Benign vs. malignant : peripheral sonoluscent halo

Thin and complete______

Thick and incomplete_______

Answer 27

Benign

Malignant