Superficial Neck And Triangles Flashcards
Superficial Fascia
Platysma, External and Anterior jugular veins, Cervical Plexus-Superficial Branches, Superficial Cervical Lymph nodes
Superficial muscle of facial expression
Platysma
Platysma attachments
origin: inferior border of the mandible, and superficial fascia of the lower face
insertion: superficial fascia that covers the upper thorax and deltoid muscle
Platysma action/innervation
pulls the angle of mouth downward, tightens and pulls the skin of the neck upward (grimace); facial nerve (cervical branch)
Anterior Jugular Vein
drains the anterior superficial neck, runs down midline; not everyone has one
External Jugular Vein
drains superficial scalp and head (brain)
Cervical Plexus
C1-C5 muscular and cutaneous branches (sensation and muscle)
Cutaneous nerves
(branches of cervical plexus) lesser occipital, greater auricular, transverse cervical(across neck), supraclavicular(runs down toward clavicle)
Superficial Cervical Lymph Nodes
drainage from organs; Preauricular, Submental, Submandibular, Tonsilar, Anterior Cervical, Posterior Cervical, Supraclavicular, and Post Auricular nodes
Preauricular lymph node located
in front of ear
Submandibular lymph node located
along mandible
Anterior Cervical lymph node located
along sternocleidomastoid
Deep Cervical Fascia
comprised of the investing, pretracheal, and prevertebral layers
Investing layer of DCF encloses
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
Investing layer of DCF attachments (superior and inferior)
sup: superior nuchal line, zygomatic arch, mastoid process, mandible, and hyoid bone
inf: manubrium, clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula
Investing Layer of DCF forms
capsule for the parotid and submandibular gland (salivary glands)
Investing Layer of DCF continues with
the ligamentum nuchae
Pretracheal layer is ______ to the prevertebral layer
anterior
superior nuchal line
runs down the middle of the back of the neck
Pretracheal layer of DCF extends from _____ to ______
extends from the hyoid bone to the middle mediastinum where it continues with the fibrous pericardium
Pretracheal layer of DCF encloses
infrahyoid muscles, thyroid gland, trachea, and esophagus
Pretracheal layer of DCF forms
carotid sheath, fascial sheaths that surround the intermediate tendons of the digastric and omohyoid muscles
Carotid Sheath formed by
pretracheal fascia mainly, though it blends with all layers of the cervical fascia
Carotid sheath crossed by
the intermediate tendon of the omohyoid
Carotid sheath extends from ______ to ______.
extends from the base of the cranium to the root of the neck
Carotid sheath contains
common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve
Carotid sheath is pierced by
the ansa cervicalis
Carotid communicates through the_____ with the ____.
pretracheal fascia with the posterior mediastinum
Ansa cervicalis
nerve plexus; loop anterior to jugular vein
Prevertebral layer of DCF forms
a sheath that covers the prevertebral and lateral muscles and the axillary sheath around the axillary vessels and roots of the brachial plexus
Prevertebral layer of DCF contains
the cervical part of the sympathetic trunk and associated ganglia
Prevertebral layer of DCF blends with
the endothoracic fascia and anterior longitudinal ligament
Prevertebral layer of DCF constitutes the posterior boundary of the_______ that continues with the _____
retropharyngeal space that continues with the posterior mediastinum
hyoid bone
a U-shaped bone suspended by the stylohyoid ligament
hyoid bone consists of
a body, and greater and lesser cornua (horns)
hyoid bone connects to ______ via ________
the thyroid cartilage via the thyrohyoid membrane
hyoid bone gives attachment to
geniohyoid, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, and middle pharygeal constrictor (swallowing muscles)
Infections can spread along
fascial planes
Cervical muscles
SO SITS
Sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, suprahyoid muscles, infrahyoid muscles, occipital muscles, suboccipital muscles
Sternocleidomastoid
major muscle of neck
Sternocleidomastoid divides the neck into
anterior and posterior (lateral) triangles
Sternocleidomastoid is crossed by
the external jugular vein, greater auricular, and transverse cervical nerves
Sternocleidomastoid separates
the external jugular vein from the internal jugular vein and other components of the carotid sheath
The mid-posterior border of the Sternocleidomastoid marks
the exit of the superficial branches of the cervical plexus
Sternocleidomastoid origin and insertion
origin: manubrium (sternal head) and medial 3rd of clavicle (clavicular head) separated by the lesser supraclavicular fossa (access to IJV)
insertion: mastoid process and superior nuchal line
Sternocleidomastoid action
lateral flexion of the neck and rotation of the face downward and contralaterally
Sternocleidomastoid innervation
spinal accessory nerve (also innervates trap)
Torticollis (Wryneck)
spasmodic contracture of the SCM that produces twisting of the neck and slanting of the head toward the unaffected side
Trapezius forms the posterior border of the
posterior (lateral) triangle
Suprahyoid muscles
stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid
Stylohyoid
origin: styloid process
insertion: body of hyoid
action: elevation of the hyoid and elongation of the mouth floor
innerv: facial nerve
digastric
origin: digastric fossa of mandible (anterior belly), mastoid notch (post belly)
insertion: body and greater horn of hyoid
action: depresses the mandible and opens the mouth, and elevates the hyoid bone
innerv: mylohyoid nerve (anterior belly), facial nerve (posterior belly)
Mylohyoid
origin: mylohyoid line
insertion: body of hyoid bone via raphe
action: elevates hyoid, floor of mouth
innerv: mylohyoid nerve
Geniohyoid
origin: inferior mental spine
insertion: body of hyoid
action: shortens floor of the mouth by pulling the hyoid bone anteriorly upward, widens pharynx
innerv: mylohyoid nerve
nerve to mylohyoid
mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, geniohyoid
Infrahyoid muscles
omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
origin: superior border of scapula near suprascapular notch
insertion: inferior border of body of hyoid
action: depresses, retracts, ad stabilizes hyoid
innerv: ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
Sternohyoid
origin: manubrium and medial end of clavicle
insertion: body of hyoid
action: depresses hyoid
innerv: ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
Suprascapular notch
contain suprascapular nerve and artery
Sternothyroid
origin: posterior surface of manubrium
insertion: oblique line of thyroid lamina
action: depresses, retracts and stabilize hyoid
innerv: ansa cervicalis (C2-C3)
Thyrohyoid
origin: oblique line of thyroid lamina
insertion: hyoid bone
action: elevates the larynx and depresses the hyoid
innerv: segmental-C1
2 strap muscles
sternohyoid and sternothyroid
sternothyroid continous with _____. Split by______.
continuous with thyrohyroid. split by cartilidge
Posterior triangle
anterior border: posterior border of the SCM
Posterior boundary: anterior border of the trapezius muscle
apex: occipital bone
base: middle third of the clavicle
floor: spenius capitis, levator scapulae, middle and posterior scalene muscles, accessory nerve, trunks of the brachial plexus, subclavian and transverse cervical arteries
Posterior triangle divided by
inferior belly of omohyoid muscle into smaller subclavian (supraclavicular) and occipital triangles.
Anterior Triangle
anterior boundary: median line of the neck
posterior boundary: anterior border of SCM
superior boundary (base): inferior border of the mandible
apex: jugular notch of the manubrium
roof: superficial fascia containing the platysma
floor: pharynx, larynx, and thyroid gland
Anterior triangle divides into
smaller submental and submandibular triangles via the digastric muscle and into the carotid and muscular triangles via the omohyoid muscles
Submental triangle
inferior boundary (base): body of the hyoid
lateral boundaries: anterior bellies of digastric muscle
apex: symphysis menti
floor: mylohyoid muscles
Submental triangle contents
submental lymph nodes, and tributaries of the anterior jugular vein
Submandibular triangle
superior boundary (base): inferior border of mandible
anterior boundary: anterior belly of digastric
posterior boundary: posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid muscle
apex: hyoid bone
floor: mylohyoid and hyoglossus
Submandibular contents
submandibular gland and lymph nodes, facial vessels, hypoglossal nerve and submental artery
Carotid triangle
anterior and superior boundary: posterior belly of digastric
anterior and inferior boundary: superior belly of the omohyoid
posterior boundary: SCM
Carotid triangle contents
common carotid, carotid body and sinus, internal carotid artery, external carotid artery and branches and corresponding veins and hypoglossal nerve
