Deep Neck Flashcards
Prevertebral muscles
Deepest layer; Longus coli, longus capitis, rectus capitis, scalenes
Longus coli
runs anterior to the vertebrae from C5-C1
innervated by C2-6
flexes and rotates neck
Longus capitis
superior to coli
attaches to occipital bone
innervated by C1-3
flexes head
Rectus capitis anterior and lateralis
run from atlas to occipital bone
innervated by C1-2
flex head
scalenes located
laterally
anterior scalene
runs from transverse process C3-6 to 1st rib
innervated by C4-6
flex neck and head
middle scalene
C5-7 Posterior tubercles to first rib
flex neck and head, can raise ribs
posterior scalene
originates adjacent to middle scalene and attaches to 2nd rib
flex neck and head, can raise ribs
between anterior and middle scalene
subclavian artery and roots of the brachial plexus
The phrenic nerve runs across the ______ before exiting between the ______ and _______.
anterior scalene; anterior and middle scalenes
The brachiocephalic and subclavian veins run anterior to the
anterior scalene
The subclavian arteries run between the
anterior and middle scalene
Branches off subclavian artery in neck
vertebral, internal thoracic, thyrocervical trunk
vertebral artery runs to brain through
the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae
vertebral artery runs deep to the
suboccipital triangle
vertebral artery supplies
the medulla, cerebellum, and spinal cord
internal thoracic passes inferiorly to the
thorax (and was covered with the thorax)
thyrocervical trunk gives off four branches
- inferior thyroid
- ascending cervical
- suprascapular
- cervical dorsal
inferior thyroid art supplies
thyroid, esophagus, larynx, trachea, parathyroid, neck muscles
ascending cervical art supplies
lateral neck muscles and intervertebral foramen
suprascapular artery supplies
the shoulder region
recurrent laryngeal nerve runs under
the aorta on the left side and the subclavian on the right
vagus nerve gives rise to the
left recurrent laryngeal nerve
phrenic nerve descends anterior to the
anterior scalene
phrenic nerve runs between the _____ and _____ and enters the ______.
subclavian arteries and veins. enters the thorax
Sympathetic trunk
superior(C1-2), middle(C6), inferior cervical (C8)
inferior cervical part of sympathetic trunk often forms
the stellate ganglia with the 1st thoracic ganglia
Most anterior structure in viscera
thyroid gland
Thyroid gland lies anterior and lateral to the
trachea
Posterior to the thyroid and embedded in the gland are
the parathyroid glands, typically 2 pairs, superior and inferior
Parathyroid glands supplied by
superior thyroid artery from the external carotid and the inferior thyroid from the thyrocervical trunk from the subclavian
Deep visceral venous drainage goes to
thyroid plexus of veins (superior, middle, and inferior)
Deep visceral lymphatics
prelaryngeal, pretracheal, paratrcheal
Deep visceral nerves
from superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia which supply vasomotor fibers to the glands
thyroid function
maintain homeostasis
parathyroid function
calcium regulation
if someone has a thyroid tumor,
remove it, and give them radioactive iodine
The superior thyroid artery and vein run
together
The thyroid descends from the _____ and can leave____
descends from the oral cavity and can leave remnants of thyroid tissue along the descent
Parathyroids are typically located ________, but it’s _______.
posterior to the thyroid, but it’s variable
Larynx consists of
laryngeal cartilage, and associated cricoid, epiglottic, corniculate, cuneiform, and arytenoid cartilages (last 3 are paired)
Larynx primary function
phonation
vocal folds attached anteriorly to ______ and posteriorly to_______.
ant to laryngeal cartilage and post to the arytenoids
Muscles that bring the vocal cords together for phonation
lateral crico-arytenoids (adductors) and transverse oblique arytenoids (approximaters)
Posterior crico-arytenoids
abductors
cricothyroid
tensors (higher pitch)
thyroarytenoid
relaxers (lower pitch)
epiglottis
keeps fluid and food from going into trachea
superior thyroid artery gives off
superior laryngeal and cricothyroid
inferior thyroid gives off
inferior laryngeal
internal jugular and the inferior laryngeal empties into the
inferior thyroid to the left brachiocephalic
superior and inferior laryngeal nerves arise from the
vagus nerve
The superior laryngeal nerve forms the
internal (sensation to the inner surface) and the external (to the cricothyroid muscles and sensation to the area)
The inferior thyroid artery is from the
recurrent laryngeal, supplying all the intrinsic muscles except the cricothyroid
tracheostomy location
just above the sternum
pharynx located
between the respiratory and digestive tract (behind the nose and mouth)
pharynx located before the _____ and above the _____.
before the esophagus and above the thyroid cartilage
uvula
divides the nasal and oral pharynx
The posterior part of the pharynx has 3 pharyngeal constrictors:
the superior, middle, and inferior. (overlap and close the back of pharynx)
The superior pharyngeal constrictor runs from the pterygoid hamulus and pterygomadibular raphe to
the posterior midline pharyngeal raphe and occipital bone
the middle pharyngeal constrictor runs from the stylohyoid ligament and hyoid bone to the
pharyngeal raphe
The inferior pharyngeal constrictor runs from the thyroid and cricoid cartilage to the
pharyngo-esophageal junction
Pharyngeal constrictors innervated by
vagus nerve
Stylopharyngeus from styloid process innervated by
glossopharyngeal nerve
salpingopharyngeus from pharyngtympanic tube innerv
vagus
palatopharyngeus from hard palate innerv
vagus
Pharynx innervated by
cranial nerves 9-12
what 2 muscles come off the styloid process?
stylopharyngeal and stylohyoid
what muscle comes off the mastoid and runs with the stylohyoid?
digastric
2 types of tonsils
oral and pharyngeal
tonsils serve what purpose?
fight infections
tonsils are referred to as what when swollen?
adenoids
