Superficial Face

Question 1

When do facial structures develop?

Answer 1

during 4th to 8th week around upper part of primitive pharynx known as primordial stomodeum(future mouth)

Question 2

Oropharyngeal membrane layers

Answer 2

Outside ectoderm, inside endoderm

Question 3

Oropharyngeal ruptures when and allows what into pharynx?

Answer 3

End of 4th week(26 days), allows amniotic fluid to pass into pharynx

Question 4

What are the five prominences(facial primordia) that begin to appear around the large stomodeum during 4th week?

Answer 4

Single frontonsasal prominence, paired maxillary prominence, paired mandibular prominence

Question 5

Frontonasal prominence

Answer 5

surrounds the ventrolateral part of the forebrain, has a frontal and nasal part(Duh!), frontal part forms forehead, nasal part forms upper part of stomedium and the nose

Question 6

Maxillary prominence

Answer 6

Produced by neural crest cells that migrate from the neural fold into the prominence, form lateral boundary of stomodeum, move medially to meet other prominence, gives rise to maxilla and palatine shelves

Question 7

Mandibular prominence

Answer 7

Produced by migration of neural crest cells, forms caudal boundary of primitive mouth(stomedium), gives rise to mandible and lower lip

Question 8

Cleft lip and/or cleft palate

Answer 8

primitive tissue lobes grow:
one from the top of the head down towards the future upper lip; (Frontonasal Prominence), two from the cheeks, which meet the first lobe to form the upper lip; (Maxillar Prominence), and just below, two additional lobes grow from each side, which form the chin and lower lip; (Mandibular Prominence)

If these tissues fail to meet, a gap appears where the tissues should have joined (fused).

Question 9

First arch of pharyngeal arch

Answer 9

Muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, Trigeminal nerve is the nerve(CN V)

Question 10

Second Arch

Answer 10

Muscles of facial expression, stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric, hyoid bone, CN VII

Question 11

CN V - Opthalmic division V1. Name innervation and branches.

Answer 11

Sensory to forehead. Supraorbital - sensory to lateral forehead and upper eyelid, supratrochlear - sensory to medial forehead and upper eyelid, infratrochlear - sensory to medial part of eye and root of nose

Question 12

CN V - maxillary division. innervation and branches.

Answer 12

Sensory to skin between lower eyelid and upper lip and skin over zygomatic bone and nose. Infraorbital nerve - sensory to skin of lower eyelid,check,lateral nose and upper lip,and skin over the anterior part of temporal fossa.

Question 13

CN V- Mandibular division. innervation and branches.

Answer 13

Sensory to skin over mandible. Mental nerve - sensory to skin of chin and lower lip. buccal nerve - sensory to skin and oral mucosa of cheek, auriculotemporal nerve - sensory to scalp anterior to ear and posterior part of temporal fossa

Question 14

Great auricular nerve

Answer 14

branch of cerivical plexus. sensory to skin inferior to ear and over parotid gland

Question 15

Trigeminal Neuralgia(tic douloureux)

Answer 15

Disorder of sensory root of CN V. sudden sharp excruciating pain on the face, can last for 15-20 mins, maxillary nerve is usually involved.

Question 16

muscles of facial expression

Answer 16

lie in superficial fascia, attached partly to skin, enables facial expression, no bone movement, all innervated by CN VII, muscles arranged around natural openings and act as sphincters.

Question 17

Orbicularis Oculi

Answer 17

Sphincter of orbit. Orbital and palpebral part, produces crows feet - wrinking of skin lateral to orbit.

Question 18

Muscles of nose

Answer 18

Sphincters of nose, poorly developed

Question 19

Muscles of mouth

Answer 19

act as sphincters of oral cavity, depressor anguli oris, zygomatic major/minor, levator labii superioris, levator anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, buccinator, oribicularis oris, platysma

Question 20

Depressor anguli oris

Answer 20

Triangular muscle, depresses corner of mouth

Question 21

Zygomatic major and minor

Answer 21

extend from zygomatic bone to corner of mouth, act to raise corner of mouth and upper lip

Question 22

Levator labii superioris

Answer 22

descends from the infraorbital margin to upper lip, acts to raise upper lip

Question 23

Levator anguli oris

Answer 23

extends from maxilla to corner of mouth, raises the corner of mouth

Question 24

Depressor labii inferioris

Answer 24

attached inferiorly to mandible and superiorly blends with orbicularis oris, depresses lower lip

Question 25

buccinator

Answer 25

attached to alveolar processes of mandible and maxilla and the pterygomandibular raphe. aids in mastication(not a muscle of mastication). keeps check taut - prevents biting of cheeks, used for whistling and chewing

Question 26

Orbicularis oris

Answer 26

sphincter of oral cavity. encircles mouth and forms the prominence of the upper and lower lips. when tonically contracted, mouth is closed. compresses lips against teeth, holds food during mastication.

Question 27

Muscles of scalp

Answer 27

Considered one muscle - Occipitofrontalis. Occipitalis, frontalis, two bellies of muscle are interconnected by tendinous sheath known as epicranial aponeurosis, no bony attachment, produces a suprised look when contracted.

Question 28

Facial nerve exits through what and enters where?

Answer 28

Exits through skull through the stylomastoid foramen and enters the parotid gland.

Question 29

Facial nerve has how many branches and name them.

Answer 29

5 branches. Temporal, zygomatic, buccal. mandible, cervical. (Two zebras bit my carrot, Yo!)

Question 30

Bells Palsy

Answer 30

Injury to CN VII or its branches producing paralysis to some or all muscles of facial expression on one side

Question 31

What branch of the external carotid artery is the facial artery?

Answer 31

4th branch

Question 32

Facial nerve path

Answer 32

crosses mandible slightly anterior to angle and then follows a sinuous course across the face to medial angle of eye

Question 33

Branches of facial artery

Answer 33

Inferior labial - for lower lip, superior labial - upper lip, angular - terminal part of facial artery at the medial corner of the eye

Question 34

Superficial temporal comes of what artery?

Answer 34

terminal branch of external carotid artery, branches supply the face and scalp.

Question 35

Branches of superficial temporal artery?

Answer 35

Transverse facial - follows parotid duct transversely across the face. Parietal - supplies lateral part of scalp, frontal - supplies the anterior part of scalp.

Question 36

Facial vein origin and route

Answer 36

Begins as the angular vein at root of nose, no valves, makes connections with cavernous sinus and pterygoid plexus of veins.