Cranium

Question 1

Viscerocranium

Answer 1

comprises the facial skeleton and is derived from pharyngeal arches.

Question 2

Neurocranium

Answer 2

Part of the cranium that houses the brain, derived from paraxial mesoderms

Question 3

Neurocranium bones

Answer 3

Frontal,parietal,temporal(petrous,mastoid, squamous),occiptal,sphenoid,cribiform plate of ethmoid

Question 4

Viscerocranium bones

Answer 4

Mandible,maxilla,nasal,zygomatic,ethmoid except cribiform plate, vomer,palatine,lacrimal, tympanic part of temporal including styloid process, pterygoid process of sphenoid(medial/lateral plates), inferior nasal concha.

Question 5

Le Fort Fractures I,II,III

Answer 5

facial fractures due to frame-like construction, results in fractures along sutures lines and areas of thinning

Question 6

positional plagiocephaly

Answer 6

“Oblique head” often referred to as flat head syndrome. common condition of cranial malformation due to repetitive position during early growth, results in oblique slat to sagital axis.

Question 7

Craniosynostosis

Answer 7

results from premature closure of cranial sutures, different types, probably genetic.

Question 8

Scaphocephaly

Answer 8

Premature fusion of sagital suture

Question 9

Brachycephaly

Answer 9

Premature fusion of coronal suture

Question 10

Plagiocephaly

Answer 10

Premature fusion of 1 side of either coronal or lambdoidal sutures or both

Question 11

Trigonocephaly

Answer 11

Premature fusion of metopic suture

Question 12

Kleebattschadel(clover leaf)

Answer 12

Premature fusion of coronal, lambdoidal, sagittal sutres. extremely rare.

Question 13

Microcephaly

Answer 13

premature fusion of all sutures and fontanelles during early cranial development, prevents brain and cranium from growing. results in severe retardation

Question 14

Hydrocephaly

Answer 14

congenital inability to absorb CSF resulting in overproduction and increased ICP that causes continued growth and expansion of the calvaria bones along sutures. fixed with a shunt into the venous system.

Question 15

bregma

Answer 15

point where coronal and sagital sutures meet

Question 16

lambda

Answer 16

point where sagital and lambdoidal sutures meet

Question 17

glabella

Answer 17

most anterior midline point on frontal bone

Question 18

nasion

Answer 18

point of intersection of nasofrontal sutures and midsagital plane

Question 19

pterion

Answer 19

intersection of frontal,temporal,parietal,sphenoid.

Question 20

Anterior cranial fossa

Answer 20

frontal lobe of cerebrum

Question 21

Middle cranial fossa

Answer 21

Temporal lobe of cerebrum

Question 22

Posterior cranial fossa

Answer 22

Cerebellum,pons, medulla oblongata

Question 23

Supraorbital foramen

Answer 23

Supraorbital nerve CN V1 branch

Question 24

infraorbital foramen

Answer 24

infraorbital nerve CN V2 branch

Question 25

mental foramen

Answer 25

mental Nerve CN V3 branch

Question 26

Greater and lesser palatine foramen

Answer 26

Greater and lesser palatine nerves from CN V2

Question 27

incisive foramen

Answer 27

Nasopalatine nerve from CN V2 and sphenopalatine vessels

Question 28

stylomastoid foramen

Answer 28

CN VII - Facial

Question 29

Cribiform plate

Answer 29

Olfactory nerve CN I

Question 30

Optic canal

Answer 30

CN II optic nerve and opthalmic artery

Question 31

superior orbital fissure

Answer 31

CN III,IV,V1,VI. Oculomotor, trochlear, Opthalmic branch of trigeminal, abducens respectively.

Question 32

inferior orbital fissure

Answer 32

infraorbital and zygomatic branches of maxillary nerve V2

Question 33

Foramen rotundum

Answer 33

Maxillary nerve V2

Question 34

Foramen ovale

Answer 34

Mandibular nerve V3 and accessory meningeal artery

Question 35

Foramen spinosum

Answer 35

middle meningeal artery and meningeal branch of mandibular nerve V3

Question 36

Foramen Lacerum

Answer 36

Internal carotid, carotid canal passes thru horizontally

Question 37

carotid canal

Answer 37

Internal carotid artery

Question 38

Foramen Magnum

Answer 38

medulla oblongata,vertebral arteries and Accessory CN XI(enters skull after coming off brain stem)

Question 39

Jugular foramen

Answer 39

Inferior petrosal sinus becomes internal jugular vein. CN IX,X,XI and posterior meningeal artery, Glosspharygeal,vagus,and accessory nerves respectively.

Question 40

Hypoglossal canal

Answer 40

CN XII. Hypoglossal nerve

Question 41

Internal and External acoustic meatus

Answer 41

Facial nerve CN VII going into internal meatus then passing out stylomastoid foramen, CN VIII - vestibulocochlear