Cranium Flashcards
Viscerocranium
comprises the facial skeleton and is derived from pharyngeal arches.
Neurocranium
Part of the cranium that houses the brain, derived from paraxial mesoderms
Neurocranium bones
Frontal,parietal,temporal(petrous,mastoid, squamous),occiptal,sphenoid,cribiform plate of ethmoid
Viscerocranium bones
Mandible,maxilla,nasal,zygomatic,ethmoid except cribiform plate, vomer,palatine,lacrimal, tympanic part of temporal including styloid process, pterygoid process of sphenoid(medial/lateral plates), inferior nasal concha.
Le Fort Fractures I,II,III
facial fractures due to frame-like construction, results in fractures along sutures lines and areas of thinning
positional plagiocephaly
“Oblique head” often referred to as flat head syndrome. common condition of cranial malformation due to repetitive position during early growth, results in oblique slat to sagital axis.
Craniosynostosis
results from premature closure of cranial sutures, different types, probably genetic.
Scaphocephaly
Premature fusion of sagital suture
Brachycephaly
Premature fusion of coronal suture
Plagiocephaly
Premature fusion of 1 side of either coronal or lambdoidal sutures or both
Trigonocephaly
Premature fusion of metopic suture
Kleebattschadel(clover leaf)
Premature fusion of coronal, lambdoidal, sagittal sutres. extremely rare.
Microcephaly
premature fusion of all sutures and fontanelles during early cranial development, prevents brain and cranium from growing. results in severe retardation
Hydrocephaly
congenital inability to absorb CSF resulting in overproduction and increased ICP that causes continued growth and expansion of the calvaria bones along sutures. fixed with a shunt into the venous system.
bregma
point where coronal and sagital sutures meet
lambda
point where sagital and lambdoidal sutures meet
glabella
most anterior midline point on frontal bone
nasion
point of intersection of nasofrontal sutures and midsagital plane
pterion
intersection of frontal,temporal,parietal,sphenoid.
Anterior cranial fossa
frontal lobe of cerebrum
Middle cranial fossa
Temporal lobe of cerebrum
Posterior cranial fossa
Cerebellum,pons, medulla oblongata
Supraorbital foramen
Supraorbital nerve CN V1 branch
infraorbital foramen
infraorbital nerve CN V2 branch
mental foramen
mental Nerve CN V3 branch
Greater and lesser palatine foramen
Greater and lesser palatine nerves from CN V2
incisive foramen
Nasopalatine nerve from CN V2 and sphenopalatine vessels
stylomastoid foramen
CN VII - Facial
Cribiform plate
Olfactory nerve CN I
Optic canal
CN II optic nerve and opthalmic artery
superior orbital fissure
CN III,IV,V1,VI. Oculomotor, trochlear, Opthalmic branch of trigeminal, abducens respectively.
inferior orbital fissure
infraorbital and zygomatic branches of maxillary nerve V2
Foramen rotundum
Maxillary nerve V2
Foramen ovale
Mandibular nerve V3 and accessory meningeal artery
Foramen spinosum
middle meningeal artery and meningeal branch of mandibular nerve V3
Foramen Lacerum
Internal carotid, carotid canal passes thru horizontally
carotid canal
Internal carotid artery
Foramen Magnum
medulla oblongata,vertebral arteries and Accessory CN XI(enters skull after coming off brain stem)
Jugular foramen
Inferior petrosal sinus becomes internal jugular vein. CN IX,X,XI and posterior meningeal artery, Glosspharygeal,vagus,and accessory nerves respectively.
Hypoglossal canal
CN XII. Hypoglossal nerve
Internal and External acoustic meatus
Facial nerve CN VII going into internal meatus then passing out stylomastoid foramen, CN VIII - vestibulocochlear
