SUPERFICIAL, CUTANEOUS, SQ INFECTIONS

Question 1

organisms that get their energy
from dead or decaying organic matter.

Answer 1

Saprophytic organisms

Question 2

lipophilic yeast living on the skin as part of the normal flora that causes Pityriasis versicolor/ Tinea versicolor / AN-AN

Answer 2

Malassezia furfur (Pityrosporum orbiculare)

Question 3

Malassezia furfur (Pityrosporum orbiculare) exist as dimorphic form TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

grow in normal body temp 37 degrees
Celsius

Answer 4

Yeast

Question 5

grow at lesser temp around 25 degrees Celsius

Answer 5

Molds

Question 6

Color of Malassezia furfur under Wood’s UV light

Answer 6

pale greenish color

Question 7

procedure that uses transillumination
to detect any bacterial or fungal infections, or to examine the skin for any changes in pigmentation.

Answer 7

Wood’s lamp

Question 8

clusters of thick-walled round,
budding yeast-like cells, and short angular hyphal forms
“Spaghetti and meatballs”

Answer 8

Tinea versicolor or “An-an” Caused by Malassezia furfur (Pityrosporum orbiculare)

Question 9

A common saprophytic fungus that is found in humid countries around the world. Grows as yeast → Older hyphae with mycelia and conidia

Answer 9

Hortaea werneckii

Question 10

Characterized by brown to black macules which usually occur in the hands and occasionally the plantar surface of the skin

Answer 10

Tinea nigra

Question 11

Culture of Hortaea werneckii

Answer 11

Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA)

Question 12

Treatment Tinea nigra

Answer 12

Topical treatment with Whitfield’s ointment (benzoic acid compound) & Imidazole agent twice a day for 3-4 weeks is effective.

Question 13

Forms hard black nodules on the shafts of the scalp, beard, moustache, and pubic hair. reported following the sharing of combs and sharing of combs and hairbrushes.

Answer 13

BLACK PIEDRA

Question 14

BLACK PIEDRA caused by __________

Answer 14

Piedra hortae

Question 15

asci sexual spore bearing cell of the fungi.

Answer 15

BLACK PIEDRA

Question 16

TX black piedra

Answer 16

Terbinafine 250 mg tablet a day for 6 weeks.

Question 17

Irregular, soft, white, or light brown nodules, 1.0 1.5 mm in length, firmly adhering to the hairs. caused by Trichosporon beigelii

Answer 17

WHITE PIEDRA

Question 18

10% KOH and Parker ink or calcofluor white mounts shows hyphae that develops into arthroconidia.

Answer 18

WHITE PIEDRA

Question 19

TX WHITE PIEDRA

Answer 19

Topical application of an imidazole agent may be used to prevent reinfection & Selenium sulfide shampoo

Question 20

Conidia are large, pencil shaped, smooth, thin walled and septated (0 10 septa); colonies are a loose mycelium that grows in a variety of colors.

Answer 20

TRICHOPHYTON SP.

Question 21

TRICHOPHYTON SP. infects

Answer 21

SKIN, HAIR, AND NAILS

Question 22

MICROSPORUM Infect

Answer 22

SKIN AND HAIR RARELY NAILS

Question 23

The loose, cottony mycelia produce macroconidia which are thick walled, spindle shaped, multicellular, and echinulate (spiny) “ spindle shaped with characteristic spine at the end.”

Answer 23

Microsporum

Question 24

EPIDERMOPHYTON FLOCCOSUM Infect

Answer 24

SKIN AND NAILS AND RARELY HAIR

Question 25

Form yellow colored, cottony cultures and are usually readily identified by the thick, bifurcated hyphae with multiple smooth, club shaped macroconidia. "similar to a cotton bud."

Answer 25

EPIDERMOPHYTON FLOCCOSUM

Question 26

associated with humans only. Transmission from man to man is by close contact or through contaminated objects.

Answer 26

ANTHROPOPHILIC

Question 27

Associated with animals.  Transmission to man is by close contact with animals

Answer 27

ZOOphilic infection

Question 28

Associated with animals. Transmission to man is by close contact with animals

Answer 28

Zoophilic infection

Question 29

usually found in the soil and are transmitted to man by direct exposure.

Answer 29

Geophilic infection

Question 30

Most common, presents with scaling and redness between the toes and may have maceration.

Answer 30

TINEA PEDIS: INTERDIGITAL PATTERN

Question 31

Sharply marginated scale distributed along lateral borders of feet, heels, and soles.

Answer 31

TINEA PEDIS: MOCASSIN PATTERN / chronic hyperkeratotic type

Question 32

Vesicles or bullae usually found on the instep of the foot.

Answer 32

TINEA PEDIS: VESICULOBULLOUS PATTERN

Question 33

Fungistatic (stops fungi growth) Works by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis.

Answer 33

Imidazole:

Question 34

Fungicidal (kills fungi) Works by interfering the squalene monooxygenase.

Answer 34

Allylamines:

Question 35

Fungicidal and fungistatic. Inhibits the aspects of the cell growth and fungi metabolism.

Answer 35

Ciclopirox:

Question 36

Fungal hyphae and spores (arthroconidia) cover the outside of the hair.

Answer 36

ECTOTHRIX INVASION

Question 37

Cuticle of the hair remains intact and infected hairs do not fluoresce under Wood's ultraviolet light.

Answer 37

ENDOTHRIX INVASION

Question 38

Common agents include: ECTOTHRIX INVASION

Answer 38

Microsporum canis Microsporum gypseum Trichophyton equinum Trichophyton verrucosum

Question 39

ENDOTHRIX INVASION Caused by:

Answer 39

Trichophyton tonsurans Trichophyton violaceum

Question 40

caused by T. schoenleinii, produces favus-like crusts or scutula and corresponding hair loss. A yellow, saucer-shaped crust that is formed in a mass of hyphae, pus, and scales found on the scalp which eventually leads to loss of hair.

Answer 40

FAVUS

Question 41

hallmark of Cell-mediated immunity (CMI)

Answer 41

Granulomatous inflammation

Question 42

Culture Tinea capitis: Selective media - Sabouraud's dextrose agar containing _____________ and _____________ -> incubate at 25 ̊C

Answer 42

cycloheximide and chloramphenicol

Question 43

Culture Tinea capitis: Selective media - Sabouraud's dextrose agar containing _____________ and _____________ -> incubate at 25 ̊C

Answer 43

cycloheximide and chloramphenicol

Question 44

isolates the fungi from other contaminating bacteria

Answer 44

Chloramphenicol

Question 45

inhibit the saphrophytic fungi

Answer 45

Cycloheximide

Question 46

Inhibits squalene epoxidase, which is an important enzyme in the synthesis of ergosterol.

Answer 46

Tolfnatate (Tinactin)

Question 47

Inhibits cytochrome 450 dependent enzyme systems at the demethylation step from lanosterol to ergosterol.

Answer 47

Azole

Question 48

Inhibits the squalene monooxygenase that blocks the synthesis of ergosterol.

Answer 48

Terbinafine (Lamisil)

Question 49

Inhibits the synthesis of beta (1,3)-D-Glucan of the fungal cell wall.

Answer 49

Echinocandins (Caspofungin)

Question 50

Inhibits the microtubule assembly in the fungi. It is a fungistatic agent and usually function is improved when you use this in combination with selenium sulfide shampoo.

Answer 50

Griseofulvin

Question 51

It is a well-known pathogen in humans and animals. * “Rose-gardener’s disease”

Answer 51

Sporothrix schenckii

Question 52

fungi would usually be inoculated into the skin after being prick with a thorn from plants or flowers wherein the soil would contain these common fungi.

Answer 52

SPOROTRICHOSIS

Question 53

Contaminated plant matter penetrates the skin, and the pathogen forms a nodule, then spreads to nearby lymph nodes; Most common

Answer 53

LYMPHANGITIC FORM; SPOROTRICHOSIS

Question 54

Acneiform, nodular, ulcerated, verrucous. Infiltrated plaques, red scaly patches. appear similar to an acne or a wart.

Answer 54

FIXED/ ENDEMIC FORM; SPOROTRICHOSIS

Question 55

Follows inhalation with Chronic lung nodules cavitation. The infection can occasionally involve the CNS, the lungs and even the GIT. Fatal condition

Answer 55

SYSTEMIC FORM; SPOROTRICHOSIS

Question 56

First choice of treatment for uncomplicated cutaneous sporotrichosis

Answer 56

Potassium iodide:

Question 57

is a chronic granulomatous infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by several dematiaceous fungi.

Answer 57

CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS

Question 58

Fungi that have melanin or melanin-like pigment in the walls of their hyphae and spores

Answer 58

Dematiaceous fungi

Question 59

Slow growing Cauliflower-like lesions, which may ulcerate later on.

Answer 59

CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS

Question 60

produce thick- walled cells with multiple internal transversepta or chambers that are known as single or multicellular clusters called sclerotic of muriform bodies. They resemble copper pennies.

Answer 60

chromoblastomycosis

Question 61

Chronic, infectious, inflammatory disease, slowly progressive granulomatous infection of skin & subcutaneous tissue with involvement of underlying fasciae, and bone in progression.

Answer 61

Maduromycosis (Madura foot)

Question 62

Firm, painless nodule Many nodules – lumpy appearance Multiple sinus tracts draining purulent discharge. Pus discharge containing granules and grains (microcolonies)

Answer 62

MYCETOMA / Maduromycosis (Madura foot)

Question 63

MYCETOMA / Maduromycosis (Madura foot) TRIAD

Answer 63

TDP: Tumefaction (swelling of extremity) Draining sinuses Presence of granules/grains

Question 64

Common in India and Sri Lanka. Diving and swimming in stagnant water. The classical lesion is pedunculated or polypoid mass that is found on the mucus membrane. Painless itching accompanied with mucoid discharge.

Answer 64

RHINOSPORIDIOSIS

Question 65

Causes RHINOSPORIDIOSIS

Answer 65

Rhinosporidium seeberi

Question 66

Causes RHINOSPORIDIOSIS

Answer 66

Rhinosporidium seeberi

Question 67

TX RHINOSPORIDIOSIS

Answer 67

DAPSONE / Surgery