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YL2-MICRO > SUPERFICIAL, CUTANEOUS, SQ INFECTIONS > Flashcards

SUPERFICIAL, CUTANEOUS, SQ INFECTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

organisms that get their energy
from dead or decaying organic matter.

A

Saprophytic organisms

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2
Q

lipophilic yeast living on the skin as part of the normal flora that causes Pityriasis versicolor/ Tinea versicolor / AN-AN

A

Malassezia furfur (Pityrosporum orbiculare)

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3
Q

Malassezia furfur (Pityrosporum orbiculare) exist as dimorphic form TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

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4
Q

grow in normal body temp 37 degrees
Celsius

A

Yeast

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5
Q

grow at lesser temp around 25 degrees Celsius

A

Molds

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6
Q

Color of Malassezia furfur under Wood’s UV light

A

pale greenish color

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7
Q

procedure that uses transillumination
to detect any bacterial or fungal infections, or to examine the skin for any changes in pigmentation.

A

Wood’s lamp

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8
Q

clusters of thick-walled round,
budding yeast-like cells, and short angular hyphal forms
“Spaghetti and meatballs”

A

Tinea versicolor or “An-an” Caused by Malassezia furfur (Pityrosporum orbiculare)

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9
Q

A common saprophytic fungus that is found in humid countries around the world. Grows as yeast → Older hyphae with mycelia and conidia

A

Hortaea werneckii

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10
Q

Characterized by brown to black macules which usually occur in the hands and occasionally the plantar surface of the skin

A

Tinea nigra

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11
Q

Culture of Hortaea werneckii

A

Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA)

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12
Q

Treatment Tinea nigra

A

Topical treatment with Whitfield’s ointment (benzoic acid compound) & Imidazole agent twice a day for 3-4 weeks is effective.

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13
Q

Forms hard black nodules on the shafts of the scalp, beard, moustache, and pubic hair. reported following the sharing of combs and sharing of combs and hairbrushes.

A

BLACK PIEDRA

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14
Q

BLACK PIEDRA caused by __________

A

Piedra hortae

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15
Q

asci sexual spore bearing cell of the fungi.

A

BLACK PIEDRA

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16
Q

TX black piedra

A

Terbinafine 250 mg tablet a day for 6 weeks.

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17
Q

Irregular, soft, white, or light brown nodules, 1.0 1.5 mm in length, firmly adhering to the hairs. caused by Trichosporon beigelii

A

WHITE PIEDRA

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18
Q

10% KOH and Parker ink or calcofluor white mounts shows hyphae that develops into arthroconidia.

A

WHITE PIEDRA

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19
Q

TX WHITE PIEDRA

A

Topical application of an imidazole agent may be used to prevent reinfection & Selenium sulfide shampoo

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20
Q

Conidia are large, pencil shaped, smooth, thin walled and septated (0 10 septa); colonies are a loose mycelium that grows in a variety of colors.

A

TRICHOPHYTON SP.

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21
Q

TRICHOPHYTON SP. infects

A

SKIN, HAIR, AND NAILS

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22
Q

MICROSPORUM Infect

A

SKIN AND HAIR RARELY NAILS

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23
Q

The loose, cottony mycelia produce macroconidia which are thick walled, spindle shaped, multicellular, and echinulate (spiny) “ spindle shaped with characteristic spine at the end.”

A

Microsporum

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24
Q

EPIDERMOPHYTON FLOCCOSUM Infect

A

SKIN AND NAILS AND RARELY HAIR

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25
Q

Form yellow colored, cottony cultures and are usually readily identified by the thick, bifurcated hyphae with multiple smooth, club shaped macroconidia. “similar to a cotton bud.”

A

EPIDERMOPHYTON FLOCCOSUM

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26
Q

associated with humans only. Transmission from man to man is by close contact or through contaminated objects.

A

ANTHROPOPHILIC

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27
Q

Associated with animals.
 Transmission to man is by close contact with animals

A

ZOOphilic infection

28
Q

Associated with animals.
Transmission to man is by close contact with animals

A

Zoophilic infection

29
Q

usually found in the soil and are transmitted to man by direct exposure.

A

Geophilic infection

30
Q

Most common, presents with scaling and redness between
the toes and may have maceration.

A

TINEA PEDIS: INTERDIGITAL PATTERN

31
Q

Sharply marginated scale distributed along lateral borders of feet, heels, and soles.

A

TINEA PEDIS: MOCASSIN PATTERN / chronic hyperkeratotic type

32
Q

Vesicles or bullae usually found on the instep of the foot.

A

TINEA PEDIS: VESICULOBULLOUS PATTERN

33
Q

Fungistatic (stops fungi growth) Works by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis.

A

Imidazole:

34
Q

Fungicidal (kills fungi) Works by interfering the squalene
monooxygenase.

A

Allylamines:

35
Q

Fungicidal and fungistatic. Inhibits the aspects of the cell growth and fungi
metabolism.

A

Ciclopirox:

36
Q

Fungal hyphae and spores (arthroconidia) cover the outside of the hair.

A

ECTOTHRIX INVASION

37
Q

Cuticle of the hair remains intact and infected hairs do not fluoresce under Wood’s ultraviolet light.

A

ENDOTHRIX INVASION

38
Q

Common agents include: ECTOTHRIX INVASION

A

Microsporum canis
Microsporum gypseum
Trichophyton equinum
Trichophyton verrucosum

39
Q

ENDOTHRIX INVASION Caused by:

A

Trichophyton tonsurans
Trichophyton violaceum

40
Q

caused by T. schoenleinii, produces favus-like crusts
or scutula and corresponding hair loss. A yellow, saucer-shaped crust that is formed in a mass of hyphae, pus, and scales found on the scalp which eventually leads to loss of hair.

A

FAVUS

41
Q

hallmark of Cell-mediated immunity (CMI)

A

Granulomatous inflammation

42
Q

Culture Tinea capitis: Selective media - Sabouraud’s dextrose agar containing _____________ and _____________ -> incubate at 25 ̊C

A

cycloheximide and chloramphenicol

43
Q

Culture Tinea capitis: Selective media - Sabouraud’s dextrose agar containing _____________ and _____________ -> incubate at 25 ̊C

A

cycloheximide and chloramphenicol

44
Q

isolates the fungi from other contaminating bacteria

A

Chloramphenicol

45
Q

inhibit the saphrophytic fungi

A

Cycloheximide

46
Q

Inhibits squalene epoxidase, which is an important
enzyme in the synthesis of ergosterol.

A

Tolfnatate (Tinactin)

47
Q

Inhibits cytochrome 450 dependent enzyme systems at
the demethylation step from lanosterol to ergosterol.

A

Azole

48
Q

Inhibits the squalene monooxygenase that blocks the
synthesis of ergosterol.

A

Terbinafine (Lamisil)

49
Q

Inhibits the synthesis of beta (1,3)-D-Glucan of the fungal cell wall.

A

Echinocandins (Caspofungin)

50
Q

Inhibits the microtubule assembly in the fungi. It is a
fungistatic agent and usually function is improved when
you use this in combination with selenium sulfide
shampoo.

A

Griseofulvin

51
Q

It is a well-known pathogen in humans and animals.
* “Rose-gardener’s disease”

A

Sporothrix schenckii

52
Q

fungi would usually be inoculated into the skin after being prick with a thorn from plants or flowers wherein the soil would contain these common fungi.

A

SPOROTRICHOSIS

53
Q

Contaminated plant matter penetrates the skin, and the
pathogen forms a nodule, then spreads to nearby lymph
nodes; Most common

A

LYMPHANGITIC FORM; SPOROTRICHOSIS

54
Q

Acneiform, nodular, ulcerated, verrucous. Infiltrated plaques, red scaly patches. appear similar to an acne or a wart.

A

FIXED/ ENDEMIC FORM; SPOROTRICHOSIS

55
Q

Follows inhalation with Chronic lung nodules cavitation. The infection can occasionally involve the CNS,
the lungs and even the GIT. Fatal condition

A

SYSTEMIC FORM; SPOROTRICHOSIS

56
Q

First choice of treatment for uncomplicated cutaneous
sporotrichosis

A

Potassium iodide:

57
Q

is a chronic granulomatous infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by several dematiaceous fungi.

A

CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS

58
Q

Fungi that have melanin or melanin-like pigment in the
walls of their hyphae and spores

A

Dematiaceous fungi

59
Q

Slow growing Cauliflower-like lesions, which may
ulcerate later on.

A

CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS

60
Q

produce thick- walled cells with multiple internal transversepta or chambers that are known as single or multicellular clusters called sclerotic of muriform bodies. They resemble copper pennies.

A

chromoblastomycosis

61
Q

Chronic, infectious, inflammatory disease, slowly progressive granulomatous infection of skin & subcutaneous tissue with involvement of underlying fasciae, and bone in progression.

A

Maduromycosis (Madura foot)

62
Q

Firm, painless nodule
Many nodules – lumpy appearance
Multiple sinus tracts draining purulent discharge.
Pus discharge containing granules and grains
(microcolonies)

A

MYCETOMA / Maduromycosis (Madura foot)

63
Q

MYCETOMA / Maduromycosis (Madura foot) TRIAD

A

TDP:
Tumefaction (swelling of extremity)
Draining sinuses
Presence of granules/grains

64
Q

Common in India and Sri Lanka. Diving and swimming in stagnant water. The classical lesion is pedunculated or polypoid mass that is found on the mucus membrane. Painless itching accompanied with mucoid discharge.

A

RHINOSPORIDIOSIS

65
Q

Causes RHINOSPORIDIOSIS

A

Rhinosporidium seeberi

66
Q

Causes RHINOSPORIDIOSIS

A

Rhinosporidium seeberi

67
Q

TX RHINOSPORIDIOSIS

A

DAPSONE / Surgery

YL2-MICRO (5 decks)

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