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YL2-MICRO > INTRO TO MYCOLOGY > Flashcards

INTRO TO MYCOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Study of fungus

A

mycology

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2
Q

T/F: Fungi are eukaryotic

A

True

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3
Q

Cell structure of fungi

A

chitin

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4
Q

Difference of fungus to plants

A

Lack of chlorophyll and must absorb nutrients from the environment

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5
Q

Fungi reproduction process

A

Budding; Fragmentation; Spore release (sexual/asexual)

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6
Q

Unicellular with round nucleus and can be used in beverage preparation

A

Yeast

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7
Q

Reproduction process of yeast

A

BB: budding and binary fission

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8
Q

Multicellular, filamentous microorganism and contains hyphae. grows best at 30 degree celsius

A

Molds

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9
Q

Molds are reproduced by ________?

A

sexually or asexually and spread through spores

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10
Q

2 types of HYPHAE

A

Hyaline (moniliaceous) hyphae & Phaeiod (dermatiaceous) hyphae

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11
Q

Non pigmented or lightly pigmented hyphae

A

Hyaline (moniliaceous) hyphae

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12
Q

Darkly pigmented hyphae

A

Phaeiod (dermatiaceous) hyphae

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13
Q

stains used at hyaline and phaeiod hyphae

A

Gomori methylene stain & Fontana-Masson stain

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14
Q

Stain melanin causing phaeiod hyphae to appear brown and hyaline hyphae stain pink to red

A

Fontana-Masson stain

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15
Q

Ability of some fungi to exist in two forms dependent on the growth condition; includes mold phase and yeast or spherule phase

A

Dimorphic Fungi

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16
Q

phase seen in vivo or when organism is grown at 37 degree celsius

A

Yeast or tissue state

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17
Q

Phase seen when organism is grown at room temp (22-25 Celsius) in ambient air condition

A

Mold phase

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18
Q

Have both yeast and mold forms in the same culture

A

Polymorphic fungi

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19
Q

example of polymorphic fungi

A

Exophiala spp

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20
Q

Rapidly growing organisms normally found in the soil; produce profuse gray to white, aerial mycelium and characterized by the presence of hyaline, sparsely septate hyphae.

A

Glomeromycota

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21
Q

Genera of Glomeromycota

A

Mucor, Rhizomucor, Rhizopus

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22
Q

Reproduction process of Glomeromycota

A

Asexually reproduction ((+) sporangiopores

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23
Q

characterized by production of sexual spores known as ascospores

A

Ascomycota

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24
Q

Ascospores are formed within a saclike structure known as____________?

A

Ascus

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25
Q

Organism exist in a vegetative trophic form that reproduces asexually by binary fission

A

Pneumocystidomycetes

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26
Q

Contains the ascomycetous yeasts, which are characterized
by vegetative yeast cells that proliferate by budding or fission
Have an anamorphic stage belonging to the genus Candida

A

SACCHAROMYCETES

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27
Q

Sexual reproduction leads to the formation of a thin-walled sac
(ascus) that contains haploid ascospores

A

EUROTIOMYCETES

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28
Q

Have clamp connections occur at the septations in the vegetative
hyphae and are easily visible with light microscopy

A

BASIDIOMYCOTA

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29
Q

Cryptococcus, Malassezia, and Trichosporon

A

BASIDIOMYCOTA

30
Q

Examples of microspora

A

Anncaliia Encephalitozoon,
Endoreticulatus Enterocytozoon Nosema, Pleistophora Vittaforma Tubulinosema and Trachipleistophora

30
Q

Obligate intracellular, unicellular, spore forming eukaryotes

A

MICROSPORA

30
Q

The superficial mycoses concentrate only on the

A

Stratum corneum layer

31
Q

Predisposing factors for superficial mycoses infection

A

Humidity
Immunosuppression
Poor hygiene

32
Q

Causes tinea versicolor

A

Malassezia furfur

33
Q

Hyper or hypopigmentation of the skin; Lesions are well demarcated; with Fawn-colored macules

A

tinea versicolor

34
Q

diagnosis of tinea versicolor

A

Skin scrapings in a potassium hydroxide (KOH)
preparation or (+) yellow fluorescence with a
Wood’s lamp on examination.

35
Q

Malassezia furfur appearance in culture colonies

A

are cream-colored, moist, and smooth.

36
Q

appearance of Malassezia furfur in direct microscopy

A

Spaghetti and meatballs fungus

37
Q

Causative agent of Black Piedra (Infection on the hairs of the scalp)

A

Piedraia hortae

38
Q

Diagnosis of black piedra

A

Hair with Hard Black Nodules; direct microscopy - Thick-walled rhomboid cells containing ascospores are seen.

39
Q

How many ascospores are within one asci

40
Q

Cultured use in diagnosis of black piedra

A

Sabouraud dextrose agar (slow grower)

41
Q

Part of the normal skin biota and causative agent of White piedra

A

Trichosporon spp.

42
Q

Most fatal Trichosporon spp.

A

Trichosporon asahaii

43
Q

Trichosporon spp. can cause meningitis.

A

Trichosporon mucoides

44
Q

Direct microscopy of trichosporon spp. (white piedra)

A

(+) Arthrospores, hyphae and blastoconcidia

45
Q

Tinea nigra (brown to black non-scaly macules that
occur on the palms and soles) Chronic superficial fungal infection of the palms and soles caused by _________?

A

Exophiala / Hortaea werneckii

46
Q

Direct microscopy of hortaea werneckii

A

(+) septate, pigmented hyphal elements and budding cells

47
Q

Fungal diseases of the keratinized tissues of humans

A

DERMATOMYCOSES

48
Q

Tinea capitis

49
Q

tinea favosa

A

head (distinctive pathology)

50
Q

Tinea barbae

51
Q

Tinea corporis

A

body (glabrous skin)

52
Q

tinea mannum

53
Q

tinea unguium

54
Q

tinea cruris

55
Q

Tinea pedia

56
Q

tinea imbricate

A

body (distinctive lesion)

57
Q

Most cases are associated with gardening, particularly with
exposure to rose thorns (rose handler’s disease) and
sphagnum moss.

A

Sporothrix schenckii

58
Q

Most commonly presentation of Sporothrix schenckii

A

Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis. (+) nodular and ulcerative lesion along the lymph channels

59
Q

Sporothrix schenckii is a dimorphic fungus thus have yeast phase and mold phase. What are the morphology of these fungus at yeast and mold phase?

A

Yeast phase: small, cigar-shaped
Mold phase: thin, delicate hyphae bearing conidia
developing in a rosette pattern.

60
Q

Infections that affect internal organs or deep tissues of
the body.

A

SYSTEMIC MYCOSES

61
Q

initial site of infection of systemic mycoses is the _______?

62
Q

2 drugs inhibits bacterial growth added to SDA

A

Cycloheximide and Chloramphenicol

63
Q

At what pH did the bacterial growth inhibit by cycloheximide and chloramphenicol

64
Q

at pH 5.6 bacteria inhibited by chloramphenicol and cycloheximide except with _______________ & ____________?

A

Histoplasma and Nocardia spp.

65
Q

media used for Histoplasma and Nocardia spp.

A

BRAIN HEART INFUSION (BHI) BROTH & CORNMEAL TWEEN AGAR

66
Q

Used for observation of vaginal specimens.

A

SALINE WET MOUNT

67
Q

Kills bacterial organism.

68
Q

Preserves fungal structures.

A

Lactic acid

69
Q

Stains the chitin.

A

Cotton blue stain

YL2-MICRO (5 decks)

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