Superficial Back, Deltoid, Scapular regions

Question 1

What structure do the muscles of the rotator cuff insert on?

Answer 1

The greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 2

What structure do the long head of the triceps muscle take origin from?

Answer 2

The infraglenoid tubercle

Question 3

What muscle and fossa lie above the spine of the scapula?

Answer 3

The supraspinous fossa and supraspinatus muscle

Question 4

What muscle and fossa lie below the spine of the scapula?

Answer 4

Infraspinous fossa and infraspinatus muscle

Question 5

Where was the growth plate of the humerus?

Answer 5

Anatomical neck, located just below the head of the humerus

Question 6

Where is a common site of fractures of the humerus? Why is this significant?

Answer 6

The surgical neck, located at the end of the head of the humerus. The axillary nerve runs here

Question 7

Where does the deltoid attach?

Answer 7

On the lateral side of the humerus, called the deltoid tuberosity

Question 8

How many cervical vertebrae are there? What are the names of the first 2?

Answer 8

7, the atlas and the axis

Question 9

How many cervical vertebrae are there? Thoracic? Lumbar? Sacral? Coccyx?

Answer 9

7, 12, 5, 1 (5 segments), 1 (3-4 segments)

Question 10

What do the transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae articulate to?

Answer 10

The ribs

Question 11

Where does the trapezius muscle take origin? Where does it attach?

Answer 11

On the skull from the ligament of nuci, then down the spinous processes down to T12. They attach on the clavicle and spine of the scapula.

Question 12

What nerve innervates the trapezius? what vasculature supplies it?

Answer 12

The accessory nerve, the 11th cranial nerve. The transverse cervical A/V. Together they make up a neurovascular bundle.

Question 13

What two muscles does the accessory nerve supply? Where does it take origin?

Answer 13

The trapezius and the sternomastoid. Takes origin from the spinal cord then travels up to cranium (CN eleven) and back down to feed the muscles.

Question 14

Where does the rhomboid minor run? Major?

Answer 14

From just below C7 to the spine of the scapula. Major fills in rest of medial border of the scapula.

Question 15

What muscles do the suprascapular nerve** supply?

Answer 15

Supraspinatus and infraspinatus.

Question 16

What is the function of the levator scapulae? What nerve supplies it?

Answer 16

To elevate the scapula, the dorsal scapular nerve.

Question 17

Where is the latissimus dorsi? What is its function? What nerve** supplies it?

Answer 17

Just below the rhomboids, along the thoracic and lumbar spinous processes up to the axillary region. It functions to lift the body- think rock climbing or crutches.

Supplied by the thoracodorsal nerve! May be compressed by crutches

Question 18

What is the major function of the rhomboid major?

Answer 18

Retract the scapula

Question 19

What is the major function of the latissimus dorsi?

Answer 19

Extend the arm

Question 20

Which muscle is most significant for doing chin-ups?

Answer 20

The latissimus dorsi

Question 21

Where is the serratus anterior? Is it superficial or deer?

Answer 21

Takes origin from lateral side of ribs and inserts into the medial scapular border. It is seated deep, below the lat.

Question 22

What is the major function of the serratus anterior muscle?

Answer 22

Protracts the scapula and holds it against the thoracci wall. Positions the glenoid cavity.

Question 23

What muscle does the long thoracic nerve supply?

Answer 23

The serratus anterior

Question 24

What nerve injury results in a winged shoulder? What muscle does this nerve** supply?

Answer 24

The long thoracic nerve results in winged shoulder, it supplies the serratus anterior muscle.

Question 25

What structures form the triangle of auscultation? Why is this clinically relevant?

Answer 25

The trapezius, medial scapula and latissimus dorsi. Allows for clear auscultation of respiratory sounds if arms are folded in front of chest.

Question 26

Where is the deltoid muscle?

Answer 26

Takes origin on the inferior part of the spine of the scapula and radiates around to the acromion and clavicle.

Question 27

What are the functions of the deltoid?

Answer 27

Flex and medially rotate the humerus, abduct the humerus, and extend and laterally rotate the humerus. *supraspinatus must INITIATE the abduction.

Question 28

What muscles does the axillary nerve** supply? What is significant about its location?

Answer 28

The deltoid and teres minor. It comes through the quadrangular space!

Question 29

What is the function of the subacromial bursa?

Answer 29

It is a purse of synovial fluid, lubricates the joint. Located on the head of the humerus, below the deltoid and acromion.

Question 30

What muscles make up the rotator cuff?

Answer 30

The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis.

Question 31

Where is the supraspinatus located? What is its function?

Answer 31

Originates off the supraspinatal fossa of the scapula, goes under the acromion and inserts on the anterior side of the greater tubercle of the humerus. INITIATES abduction of the upper extremity.

Question 32

Where is the infraspinatus located? What is its function?

Answer 32

Originates from the infraspinatal fossa of the scapula and inserts on the posterior side of the greater tubercle of the humerus. Functions to laterally rotate the humerus.

Question 33

Where is the teres minor located?

Answer 33

Just below the infraspinatus, originates at the lateral border of scapula.

Question 34

Where is the teres major located? Is it bigger or smaller than the teres minor?

Answer 34

Located below the teres minor. Originates from lateral border of scapula and hits the ANTERIOR greater tubercle of the humerus. It is much larger than the teres minor.

Question 35

Where is the long head of the triceps located?

Answer 35

Originates on the intraglenoid tubercle of the scapula! It travels over the teres major and under the teres minor.

Question 36

What structures make up the quadrangular space? Why is this important?

Answer 36

Superior- teres minor Inferior- teres major Medial- long head of triceps Lateral- Humerus The axillary nerve runs through this!

Question 37

Where is the suprascapular notch located? Why is it significant?

Answer 37

Located on the superior scapula, will find the suprascapular nerve in the notch which is protected by the suprascapular ligament.

Question 38

Where is the omohyoid muscle located?

Answer 38

Medial to the suprascapular notch, a neck muscle that attaches to the scapula.

Question 39

What is the function of the teres major?

Answer 39

Adduct and medially rotate the humerus

Question 40

What is the function of the suprasinatus?

Answer 40

Abduct the humerus

Question 41

What is the function of the infraspinatus and teres minor?

Answer 41

Laterally rotate the humerus

Question 42

Where is the subscapularis located? What is its function?

Answer 42

Originates on the anterior scapula and inserts on the head of the humerus. Functions to medially rotate the humerus.