Superficial Back Flashcards
Distinguish between the extrinsic and intrinsic back muscles
Superficial layer of extrinsic back muscles functions for limb movement
Intermediate layer of extrinsic back muscles functions for respiration/proprioception
Extrinsic muscles are innervated by anterior/ventral rami of spinal nerves, except trapezius
Extrinsic muscles form triangle of auscultation
All three layers of intrinsic back muscles function for vertebral column movement and stabilization
Intrinsic muscles are innervated by posterior/dorsal rami of spinal nerves
External muscles are formed posterior to thoracolumbar fascia, while intrinsic muscles are formed anterior to thoracolumbar fascia
List the extrinsic (superficial & intermediate) back muscles
Superficial (Axioappendicular): Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae (under trapezius), rhomboids (under trapezius); innervated by anterior/ventral rami of spinal nerves, except trapezius which is innervated by cranial nerve 11
Intermediate: Serratus posterior superior, serratus posterior inferior; innervated by anterior/ventral rami of spinal nerves, and intercostal nerves from the peripheral nerve perspective
List the intrinsic (superficial, intermediate, deep) back muscles
Superficial: Splenius capitis, splenius cervicis; innervated by posterior/dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Intermediate: Erector spinae - spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis; innervated by posterior/dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Deep: Transversospinalis - semispinalis, multifidus, and rotatores; innervated by posterior/dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Identify the following surface anatomical structures - external occipital protuberance, spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra (vertebra prominens), spine of the scapula, acromion of the scapula, medial (vertebral) border of the scapula, inferior angle of the scapula, spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae, iliac crest, posterior superior iliac spine
Must draw diagram illustrating
Locate the areas of skin associated with a single spinal segment/nerve (dermatome)
Draw 2 images from memory
Latissimus dorsi attachments
From lower thoracic spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia & iliac crest to the floor of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
Levator scapulae attachments
From transverse processes of C1-C4 to the superior angle & superomedial border of the scapula
Pectoralis major attachments
From clavicle, costal cartilages, sternum & aponeurosis of the external oblique to the lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
Pectoralis minor attachments
From outer surfaces of ribs 3-5 to the coracoid process
Rhomboids attachments
Major is from spinous processes T2-5; minor is from ligamentum nuchae & spinous processes C7-T1 to the medial border of the scapula
Serratus anterior attachments
From the outer surfaces & superior borders of upper eight-ten ribs to the costal surface of the medial border of the scapula
Subclavius attachments
From 1st rib & cartilage to the undersurface of the clavicle
Trapezius attachments
From the superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, & cervical & thoracic spinous processes to the clavicle, acromion & crest of the spine of the scapula
Latissimus dorsi actions
Adduction, extension & medial rotation of humerus
Levator scapulae actions
Elevation & downward rotation of the scapula
