Scapular Region

Question 1

Use a drawing to summarize collateral circulation at the scapula

Answer 1

Draw image

Question 2

Describe the location and contents of the following neurovascular tracts: quadrangular space, medial border of scapula, and scapular notch

Answer 2

Quadrangular space has attachment points of teres minor, teres major, long head of triceps brachii, and shaft of humerus; contents of axillary nerve (on way to innervate deltoid and teres minor) and posterior circumflex humeral artery

Medial border of scapula has attachments to the rhomboids and the serratus anterior; contents of dorsal scapular artery and dorsal scapular nerve

Scapular notch is closed off by transverse scapular ligament; contents of suprascapular nerve and suprascapular artery

Question 3

Describe the following injuries and relate anatomical structures to each: shoulder separation, shoulder dislocation

Answer 3

Shoulder separation: FOOSH (Fall On an OutStretched Hand) which, in severe cases, tears both the acromioclavicular ligament and coracoclavicular ligament; complete tear of coracoclavicular ligament causes clavicle to move superiorly over acromion and the acromion may move inferiorly and damage the glenohumeral joint

Shoulder dislocation: also known as glenohumeral joint dislocation and occurs because the inferior joint capsule is not reinforced by rotator cuffs or ligaments causing the arm to be vulnerable when in abducted position; 95% of shoulder dislocations occur because of anterior dislocation or when the head of humerus comes out inferior and then moves anteriorly

Question 4

Describe the location and contents of the subacromial space

Answer 4

The subacromial space is immediately below acromion; contents include scapular bursae

Question 5

Predict what neurovascular structures would be injured based on bone fracture located at the medial border of the scapula

Answer 5

Dorsal scapular artery and dorsal scapular nerve

Question 6

Deltoid attachments

Answer 6

From the clavicle, acromion & spine of the scapula to the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Question 7

Identify structures from the Cross Section ID List on the Deltoid Muscle Level photograph on kenhub.com

Answer 7

Redraw image from kenhub

Question 8

Teres major attachments

Answer 8

From the dorsal surface of the inferior angle scapula & lower 1/3 of the lateral border of the scapula to the medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

Question 9

Supraspinatus attachments

Answer 9

From the medial 2/3 of the supraspinous fossa to the superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus & to the shoulder joint capsule

Question 10

Infraspinatus attachments

Answer 10

From the medial 2/3 of the infraspinous fossa to the middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus & to the shoulder joint capsule

Question 11

Teres minor attachments

Answer 11

From the upper 2/3 of the dorsal surface of the lateral border of the scapula to the inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus & to the shoulder joint capsule

Question 12

Deltoid actions

Answer 12

Flexion & medial rotation (anterior), abduction (primarily middle), extension & lateral rotation, horizontal extension (posterior) of humerus

Question 13

Supraspinatus actions

Answer 13

Initiates humeral abduction & laterally rotates humerus; stabilizes glenohumeral joint (reinforces superior aspect of joint capsule)

Question 14

Infraspinatus actions

Answer 14

Lateral rotation of humerus; stabilizes glenohumeral joint

Question 15

Teres minor actions

Answer 15

Lateral rotation of humerus; stabilizes glenohumeral joint

Question 16

Subscapularis actions

Answer 16

Medial rotation of humerus; stabilizes glenohumeral joint

Question 17

Teres major actions

Answer 17

Humeral adduction, medial rotation, & extension

Question 18

Deltoid innervations

Answer 18

Axillary nerve

Question 19

Supraspinatus innervations

Answer 19

Suprascapular nerve

Question 20

Infraspinatus innervations

Answer 20

Suprascapular nerve

Question 21

Teres minor innervations

Answer 21

Axillary nerve

Question 22

Subscapularis innervations

Answer 22

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

Question 23

Teres major innervations

Answer 23

Lower subscapular nerve

Question 24

Subscapularis attachments

Answer 24

From the subscapular fossa to the lesser tubercle of the humerus