Summer Terms Flashcards
Pueblo people
native american southwestern tribe comprising several different language groups and two major cultural divisions, one matrilineal system and one patrilineal system
iroquois people
aka haudenosaunee, historically powerful and important northeast native american confederacy, comprising of mohawk, onondaga, oneida, cayuga, and more
columbian exchange
The Columbian Exchange refers to a period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds. Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases and technology transformed European and Native American ways of life.
treaty of tordesillas, 1494
signed at tordesillas on june 7, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Portugal and the Crown of Castile, along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands (off the west coast of Africa).
john cabot in north america, 1497
In the summer of 1497, he crossed the Atlantic and discovered the mainland of North America—probably the Labrador coast. On this achievement was based the claim of England to North America.
ponce de leone in florida, 1513
spanish explorer ponce de leone, in search of the fountain of youth discovered florida and claimed it territory of the spanish crown, named it la florida after pascua florida
coronado in southwest US, 1540
francisco vasquera de coronado, first explorer to travel through the southwestern united states, went through northern mexico and Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas, didn’t find any treasure or riches so expedition branded failure by spanish leaders
mestizo
term traditionally used in spain/spanish america to describe someone who is of combined european and amerindian descent
founding of roanoke, 1584
expedition led by Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe,
sir francis drake west coast 1579
1579 drake claims california for england, just above present day san francisco
founding of jamestown, 1607
1607, 104 englishmen came to start settlement, chose jamestown virgina named after their king, first permanent english settlement in north america
headright system
originally created in 1618 in Jamestown, Virginia. It was used as a way to attract new settlers to the region and address the labor shortage. With the emergence of tobacco farming, a large supply of workers was needed. New settlers who paid their way to Virginia received 50 acres of land.
bartolome de las casas
Arriving as one of the first European settlers in the Americas, he participated in, and was eventually compelled to oppose, the atrocities committed against the Native Americans by the Spanish colonists.
spanish mission system
a frontier institution that sought to incorporate indigenous people into the Spanish colonial empire, its Catholic religion, and certain aspects of its Hispanic culture through the formal establishment or recognition of sedentary Indian communities entrusted to the tutelage of missionaries under the protection and control of the Spanish state.
founding of quebec, 1608
samuel de champlain
tobacco farmining in virgina 1614
The development of tobacco as an export began in Virginia in 1614 when one of the English colonists, John Rolfe, experimented with a plant he had brought from the West Indies, Nicotania tabacum. In the same year, the first tobacco shipment was sent to England. The British prized tobacco, for it was a way to display one’s wealth to the public. Only those of high status could afford the new product.
As tobacco’s popularity grew, it became the savior of the colonies
slaves brought to british america, 1619
in 1619, Dutch traders brought the first African slaves to Jamestown, who nonetheless were in North America at first generally treated as indentured servants.The first Africans to be brought to English North America landed in Virginia in 1619. These individuals appear to have been treated as indentured servants, and a significant number of enslaved Africans even won their freedom through fulfilling a work contract or for converting to Christianity.
rice cultivation in the carolinas
During the Colonial Period, coastal South Carolina was the largest producer of rice in America. The crop arrived in the area around 1685.
Massachusetts bay colony
Massachusetts Bay Colony,
one of the original English settlements in present-day Massachusetts, settled in 1630 by a group of about 1,000 Puritan refugees from England under Gov. John Winthrop and Deputy Gov. Thomas Dudley.
City upon a hill, John winthrop
Puritan John Winthrop’s 1630 sermon “A Model of Christian Charity”. Still aboard the ship Arbella, Winthrop admonished the future Massachusetts Bay colonists that their new community would be “as a city upon a hill”, watched by the world — which became the ideal the New England colonists placed upon their hilly capital city, Boston.
Roger Williams, 1634
Roger Williams (c. 1603 – between January and March 1683) was an English Protestant theologian who was an early proponent of religious freedom and the separation of church and state. In 1636, he began the colony of Providence Plantation, which provided a refuge for religious minorities. Williams started the first Baptist church in America, the First Baptist Church of Providence.In August 1634, (the Rev. Skelton having died), Williams became acting pastor of the Salem church and continued to be embroiled in controversies. Despite his earlier promise not to raise the charter issue again, he did.
maryland toleration act
The Maryland Toleration Act, also known as the Act Concerning Religion, was a law mandating religious tolerance for Trinitarian Christians. Passed on April 21, 1649 by the assembly of the Maryland colony, in St. Mary’s City.
navigation acts 1650
Navigation Acts were a series of laws that restricted the use of foreign ships for trade between Britain and its colonies. They began in 1651 and ended 200 years later.
Bacon’s Rebellion 1676
Bacon’s Rebellion was an armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkeley.
Dominion of New England 1686
The Dominion of New England in America (1686–1689) was an administrative union of English colonies in the New England region of North America. Its political structure represented centralized control more akin to the model used by the Spanish monarchy through the Viceroyalty of New Spain. The dominion was unacceptable to most colonists, because they deeply resented being stripped of their traditional rights. under gov sir edmond andros
King Williams War 1689
also known as the Second Indian War, Father Baudoin’s War,Castin’s War, or the First Intercontinental War in French) was the North American theater of the Nine Years’ War (1688–97, also known as the War of the Grand Alliance or the War of the League of Augsburg). It was the first of six colonial wars (see the four French and Indian Wars, Father Rale’s War and Father Le Loutre’s War) fought between New France and New England along with their respective Native allies before France ceded all of its remaining mainland territories in North America in 1763.
Englightenment
The Age of Enlightenment or simply the Enlightenment or Age of Reason is an era from the 1620s to the 1780s in which cultural and intellectual forces in Western Europe emphasized reason, analysis, and individualism rather than traditional lines of authority.
John Locke
John Locke FRS, was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and known as the “Father of Classical Liberalism”
